Jane Eyre and Much Ado about Nothing Essay

Charlotte Bronte’s novel, â€Å"Jane Eyre† and William Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing†, both focus on the themes of love; â€Å"Jane Eyre† was written in 1851, the Victorian era whereas â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† was written in 1599, the Elizabethan era. Although there may be over hundreds of years between them, both texts exhibit the ways the difficulties of love can be explored. Both texts imply that there will be difficulties as the relationships are established. Charlotte Bronte presents a flourishing relationship between Jane and Mr Rochester; this is evident when Mr Rochester says ‘â€Å"My cherished preserver good night! Strange energy was in his voice. Strange fire in his look. ’ Charlotte Bronte uses passionate language to display the development of love between Jane and Mr Rochester. The word â€Å"cherished† underlines Mr Rochester genuine and tender feelings towards her. Charlotte Bronte has also used the word â€Å"fire† to describe the look in Mr Rochester’s eyes, Bronte has deliberately used this metaphor to symbolise the growing passion, developing between Jane and him. By this point, readers begin to feel and see the developing passion between Mr Rochester and Jane. Bronte gradually establishes the growing passion between the two, as within the ideologies of the Victorian era, Mr Rochester would have been expected to marry someone of his own social class; due to this Bronte challenges the Victorian reader to consider marriage outside a particular social class. Although, Bronte also uses actions instead of dialogue between Jane and Mr Rochester to portray their love and trust developing as well as highlighting the barrier of their opposing social classes, Bronte writes â€Å"But he still retained my hand and I could not free it†. By having Mr Rochester retain Jane’s hand in a simple manner, Charlotte Bronte creates a gradual tension between Jane and Mr Rochester to emphasise Mr Rochester accepting Jane as an equal, regardless of their social barrier. Bronte’s use of language and her short sentence in this quote allows readers to engage in the moment. Bronte achieves this by writing in first person to convey Jane’s internal monologue to the readers in order to allow them to feel pity and sympathy towards Jane later on in the novel. Bronte has also used tender language to portray the simplicity of the hand shake, the word â€Å"retained† highlights the use of Bronte’s use of tender language as the word does not imply force or hurt in anyway, instead the action portrays Mr Rochester’s affection towards Jane. Bronte has disguised Mr Rochester’s respect towards Jane in the form of a handshake to allow the intensity to grow within the two characters; through this Bronte illustrates the trust between Mr Rochester and Jane as well as emphasising on the growing passion between them being confined into a simple handshake. Charlotte Bronte conveys the difficulties of love at the beginning of Mr Rochester and Jane’s relationship by emphasising on their social barrier. However, unlike â€Å"Jane Eyre† William Shakespeare has illustrated a contrasting relationship with very little development between Hero and Claudio that has been merely based upon aesthetics and lust instead of love and trust. When Claudio first notices Hero in Act 1, Scene 1, he says â€Å"Can the world buy such a jewel†. William Shakespeare used metaphorical language in order to present Claudio’s attraction towards Hero. William Shakespeare has compared Hero to a jewel, something that is precious and aesthetically pleasing to the eye to highlight the contrast between the extreme lack of development in their relationship as it’s based on lust rather than love, in comparison to the relationship of Jane and Mr Rochester’s. For readers, it is evident that there is very little experience in Hero and Claudio’s relationship as they are both extreme youthful characters. However, a jewel is also an object, which foreshadows Claudio’s treatment towards Hero further on in the play. In contrast to â€Å"Jane Eyre†, William Shakespeare develops Hero and Claudio’s relationship on nothing but attraction and lust, which highlights the trouble ahead. â€Å"In mine eye, she is the sweetest lady ever I looked on. † Again this really highlights the attraction Claudio has for Hero is purely the result of, first, physical beauty and, second, the desire to marry a noble and virtuous woman. While Claudio can’t be faulted for desiring such qualities in a wife, it is telling that he is ready to marry her after only this first meeting and that he goes to Leonato, not Hero herself, to purpose marriage. This makes the audience doubt the relationship between Claudio and Hero as it’s based only on attraction. Similarly between both texts they both introduce antagonistic characters that pose problems and difficulties to the development of the relationships. Charlotte Bronte develops Jane and Mr Rochester’s relationship slowly, which may make readers doubt the relationship, foreshadowing the trouble ahead. Bronte uses the technique of pathetic fallacy to highlight trouble unravelling further on in the novel. â€Å"The great horse-chestnut at the bottom of the orchard had been struck by lightning in the night, and half of it split away†. This quote ends the chapter of Jane and Mr Rochester’s proposal. Bronte used nature several times in the novel to underline the approval or disapproval of a situation. In this scene, as soon as Jane accepts Mr Rochester’s proposal, a bolt of lightning strikes the chestnut tree causing it to split in half, representing the trouble that lies ahead for Jane and Mr Rochester; as well as symbolising their hearts metaphorically â€Å"splitting† into two. Charlotte Bronte uses a series of events to foreshadow the upcoming chaos within the novel. Bronte uses the tearing of Jane’s veil to symbolise the upcoming heart break that soon tears her heart in two. Bronte uses Bertha to present clues to Jane by the events in the novel such as the fire and the tearing of the veil. The tension builds as the novel draws closer to the wedding of Jane and Mr Rochester, this allows readers to adapt to the conspiracy that is about to up rise following the wedding, the quote â€Å"I rose. There were no groomsmen, no bridesmaids, no relatives to wait for or marshal; none but Mr Rochester and I. Mrs Fairfax stood in the hall as we passed. I would fain have spoken to her, but my hand was held by a grasp of iron. † Charlotte Bronte presents a tense atmosphere across to readers to exhibit on the darkness of the novel. For a wedding day, there’s an extreme distinction in emotion compared to a normal wedding. Bronte gets across an emotion of numbness from Jane, as it’s supposed to be the happiest day of her life but there was no one present as the wedding apart from Mr Rochester and herself. Bronte uses a range of language techniques to intensify the tension and peculiar atmosphere around Jane’s wedding, Bronte uses semi colons to create shorter and sharper sentences to exhibit Jane’s feelings when she notices the lack of a turn out, although this ends up leading to a bigamy wedding. Bronte has introduced Bertha as an antagonistic character in order to feature the horror within the story to have a big impact on Victorian readers, as Bertha’s existence is unknown to Jane and the audience. This leads to a bigamy wedding between Mr Rochester and Jane; this affects the Victorian reader because during the Victorian era this matter would have been extremely controversial. During the Victorian era, Jane would have been seen as a â€Å"fallen women† if she were to go ahead with the marriage between Mr Rochester and herself, this was seen as being sinful and illegal. However, today Jane would not have been penalised over a decision like this. This allows readers to have a range of opinions on the decision that Jane is left with. Bronte uses contrast to highlight the distinction between Jane and Bertha in order to allow readers to accept Mr Rochester’s justification into why he allowed this event to happen. Bronte writes, â€Å"This young girl who stands so grave and quiet at the mouth of hell looking collectedly at the gambols of a demon. I wanted her just as a change after that fierce ragout†, Bronte underlines the very obvious distinctions between Jane and Bertha by having Mr Rochester compare them. Charlotte Bronte uses words such as â€Å"grave and quiet† to describe Jane in order to portray her as an innocent young girl who has had the mis-fortune to have been caught up in a bigamy wedding. Against Bronte’s use of innocent language to portray Jane she then presents Bertha by using a strong descriptive language to emphasise on the idea that Bertha is the complete opposite of Jane. Bronte uses the words â€Å"hell†, â€Å"demon† and â€Å"fierce† to describe Bertha in order to allow readers to understand that Bertha is almost a monster. This has a big impact on Mr Rochester as he is left with a decision to make. Although readers have lost respect for Mr Rochester’s character by this point, from the quote we almost feel pity for him as the revelation of Bertha is not only a big shock to Jane but it’s also a big shock to Mr Rochester. Unlike Bronte, Shakespeare presents Don Johns plans through more of a comedic purpose whereas Bronte presents her antagonistic character through a theme of horror. Shakespeare presents Don John’s plans by using the theme of deception and technique of dramatic irony to tear Claudio and Hero apart. In which the audience are put in a powerful position over the characters, as we are made aware of the events that are about to up rise. Don John presents himself as a pure villain throughout the play; Shakespeare deliberately had Don John to admit to his evil nature when he is introduced to the play, â€Å"I am a plain dealing villain, I cannot hide what I am† Shakespeare presents Don John like this to allow the audience to accept his evil nature, in a way this quote clarifies Don John as the meddling character. However, unlike Jane Eyre, Shakespeare uses the technique of dramatic irony to alert the audience of Don Johns plans to interfere between Hero and Claudio’s inexperienced relationship before either Claudio or Hero are aware. Through the deception that Don John is about to cause, Shakespeare creates tension and dread for the audience as we are aware that Hero is the innocent victim amongst all of this. However, when Don John’s plans fail the comedic side of the play is revealed as it portrays him as a foolish character. The difficulties of love can lead to victims of love in which both texts result in awful weddings. Jane and Mr Rochester’s wedding ends with the revelation of Bertha, Mrs Rochester, at this point of the novel the theme of deception is revealed which tears Mr Rochester and Jane apart, this was symbolised earlier on in the novel as the tearing of Jane’s veil. Charlotte Bronte uses Bertha as the impediment of Mr Rochester’s and Jane’s relationship throughout the novel. Bronte writes â€Å"It simply consists in the existence of a previous marriage. Mr Rochester has a wife now living. † Charlotte Bronte’s use of short sentences in this quote emphasises the harshness the reality of Bertha’s revelation had on Mr Rochester and Jane. The short sentences have a shocking effect on readers as it’s simple and severe. The Victorian readers may feel relieved in the sense that it means Jane would not be marrying Mr Rochester. However, the modern day reader would feel pity for Jane as her wedding day should be the happiest day of her life but instead her wedding has turned into a bigamy wedding. However, in ‘Much Ado about Nothing’ the shaming of Hero and the theme of deception is seen as Claudio’s lack of trust, jealousy and male pride. Shakespeare writes â€Å"Not to be married, Not to knit my soul to an approved wanton† similarly this quote has a shocking effect on readers as the use of punctuation highlights the clarification of Claudio not wanting to marry Hero which relates back to the very weak foundation on which their relationship was based on. Both texts show that, although there are lesson to be learned, the difficulties of love can be overcome. Jane runs away from Mr Rochester in result of her relationship falling apart due to her bigamy wedding. She fights a constant battle between her heart and head. However, she attempts to fight her natural instinct and nearly ends up marrying St. John but soon accepts that she has to be true to herself in the end. Charlotte Bronte writes â€Å"The waters came into my soul; I sank in deep mire: I felt no standing; I came into deep waters; the floods overflowed me†. Bronte creates imagery through this quote to portray Jane drowning in her sadness and confusion. Readers feel great pity for Jane. However, readers are satisfied as Mr Rochester does get punished for his brutal actions further on in the novel.

Living Trust

trust agreement THIS TRUST AGREEMENT, MADE THIS _____ DAY OF _____________, 20XX, BETWEEN ____________________________, PRESENTLY RESIDING AT _________ ________________ ________________________ (SETTLOR), _____________ ___________________, PRESENTLY RESIDING AT __________________________________ ______ (TRUSTEE), AND ________________ __________, PRESENTLY RESIDING AT ________ ___________________________ (SUCCESSOR TRUSTEE).THE TRUST CREATED BY THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE KNOWN AS THE ______________________ TRUST. W I T N E S S E T H: WHEREAS, THE SETTLOR DESIRES TO CREATE AND ESTABLISH A REVOCABLE INTER VIVOS TRUST OF THE PROPERTY DESCRIBED IN SCHEDULE A ATTACHED HERETO AND MADE A PART HEREOF, WHICH PROPERTY, TOGETHER WITH THE INVESTMENTS, REINVESTMENTS, ACCUMULATED INCOME AND PROCEEDS THEREOF, AND ADDITIONS THERETO, SHALL HEREINAFTER CONSTITUTE THE PROPERTY OF THIS TRUST (THE TRUST FUND); ANDWHEREAS, the Trustee has agreed to hold, manage, invest, and reinvest the Trust Fund to collect the income therefrom and after paying all expenses properly attributable thereto, to distribute the Trust Fund in accordance with the terms and conditions herein. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, Settlor has assigned and delivered, and the Trustee acknowledges receipt of the Trust Fund, in Trust, nevertheless, for the following purposes and under the following terms and conditions: ARTICLE I [Description] A)The Trust Fund shall be maintained by the Trustee in one (1) trust for the exclusive benefit of Settlor. Settlor reserves the right to add additional beneficiaries hereunder and Trustee agrees to undertake the duties and responsibilities of Trustee in accepting, holding, managing, and disbursing the principal and interest of the Trust Fund in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Trust Agreement. (B)Trustee may receive any other real or personal property from Settlor or from any other person or perso ns, by lifetime gift, under a will or trust or from any other source.Such property shall be indicated by adding same to Schedule A which shall be held by Trustee subject to the terms of this Trust Agreement. Trustee agrees, if he accepts such additions, to hold and manage such additions in trust for the uses and in the manner set forth herein. (C) Trustee shall receive any real or personal property derived as income produced by the Trust Fund. Such accumulated income shall be added to the Trust Fund and held by Trustee subject to the terms of this Trust Agreement. ARTICLE II [Description]The Trustee shall pay the entire net income arising from the Trust Fund in approximately equal monthly installments to or for Settlor during Settlor's entire lifetime, or as directed by Settlor from time to time, retain and reinvest designated portions thereof, provided, however, that if the net income from the principal of the said Trust Fund, together with such other income as may be available to Settlor and Settlor's spouse (Settlor's spouse) from other sources be insufficient for their comfortable support, welfare, and maintenance, then, and in such case, Trustee is authorized to pay to or use for the benefit of Settlor and Settlor's spouse during Settlor's lifetime so much of the principal of the said Trust Fund as, in Trustee's sole discretion, Trustee may deem necessary for such purposes, or to provide for an emergency of any sort, nature, or description; provided, however, subject to Article IV but notwithstanding anything else contained in this Trust Agreement to the contrary, Settlor may, at any time and from time to time during the existence of said Trust Fund, withdraw all or any part of the principal and accumulated income, if any, by filing with the Trustee a notice to that effect and filing subsequently with said Trustee a receipt for the funds so disbursed.If either or both Settlor and Settlor's spouse shall be determined, in accordance with Article III hereof, to be incapable of the care, custody, and management of the principal and income of the Trust Fund because of advanced age, impaired health, or mental or physical disability, then the Successor Trustee is specifically authorized and empowered, acting in his sole and absolute discretion, to retain all or such part of the income and principal as he deems best, and then to distribute all or part of the income and/or principal for the suitable support, welfare, and maintenance of Settlor and/or Settlor's spouse in such of the following ways as the Successor Trustee shall deem best: a)directly to such beneficiary; b)to such person as such beneficiary may nominate in writing; c)to the legally appointed guardian(s) or conservator(s) of such beneficiary; d)to some person(s) having the care of such beneficiary; or e)by the Successor Trustees using the amounts involved for or on behalf of such beneficiary for his suitable support, comfort, health, welfare, and maintenance. ARTICLE III [Descr iption]During such period that Settlor is the sole Trustee, and if in the judgment of the Successor Trustee, such step is deemed necessary, then the Successor Trustee may appoint three (3) doctors of medicine licensed to practice in the State of Settlor's then current residence, one of whom shall be Settlor's personal physician, if possible, to determine whether Settlor has become incapable of the care, custody, and management of the principal and income of the Trust Fund because of advanced age or impaired health or mental or physical disability. If the three (3) doctors unanimously determine in writing, as evidenced by signed Certificate(s) of Incapacity, that Settlor has become incapable as herein defined, of the care, custody, and management of the principal of the Trust Fund or any income from theTrust Fund, or upon the determination of a court of competent jurisdiction of the physical or mental incapacity of Settlor, then Settlor shall no longer be Trustee nor shall Settlor ha ve the right to become Trustee, and the Successor Trustee shall possess and be subject to those rights, duties, and obligations which they or it would assume if they or it had been nominated as initial Trustee under the terms of this Trust Agreement; provided, however, upon the revocation of the court order hereinabove referred to, or upon the revocation of two (2) of said Certificate(s) of Incapacity, either by any two (2) of the original certifying doctors or by any two (2) duly licensed doctors selected by the Successor Trustee, the rights and powers under this Trust Agreement shall become operative again and shall revert to Settlor. In addition to the above, Settlor is authorized, at any time and from time to time, voluntarily to relinquish his investment control by an acknowledged, written instrument to that effect, delivered to the Successor Trustee. Said instrument shall be known as a Certificate of Authorization. Such Certificate of Authorization shall specify a date after i ts delivery to the Successor Trustee, as the date on which investment control is to be relinquished.From and after such specified date, Settlor shall not possess investment control, unless and until he reassumes investment control by a subsequent acknowledged, written instrument to that effect, delivered to the Successor Trustee. Such subsequent instrument shall specify a later date after its delivery to the Successor Trustee, as the date on which investment control is to be reassumed. From and after such specified date, Settlor shall again possess investment control. ARTICLE IV [Description] During such period of time that Successor Trustee is in possession of an apparently proper and effective court order ruling Settlor to be physically or mentally incompetent to act on his behalf, or is in possession of the three (3) Certificate(s) of Incapacity, as provided in Article III, supra, at least two (2) of which are not revoked, any attempt by Settlor to xercise any reserved rights and powers under this Trust Agreement, including, but not by way of limitation, the right of modification, revocation, amendment, withdrawal of principal and/or income, or the sale of principal of the Trust Fund, shall be void and during such period of time this Trust Agreement shall be irrevocable and not amendable; provided that during such period of time that Settlor is incapacitated as hereinabove referred to Settlor shall have the power to appoint to any person(s), including his estate, any and all assets of the Trust Fund upon his death, but only by specific reference to said Power of Appointment in Settlor's Last Will and Testament, duly proved and allowed for probate.During such period of time that the Successor Trustee is in possession of a properly executed Certificate of Authorization signed by Settlor, Settlor shall retain all reserved rights and powers under this Trust Agreement with the exception of the investment control of the assets of the Trust Fund pursuant to the te rms of this Trust Agreement which shall be reserved to the Successor Trustee. ARTICLE V [Description] Upon Settlor's death, the Successor Trustee shall hold and dispose of the Trust Fund as follows: (A)If Settlor's spouse survives Settlor, the Successor Trustee shall hold, manage, and invest the Trust Fund, collect the income thereon, and pay to or apply for the benefit of Settlor's spouse the net income thereof, in quarterly or other convenient installments (but at least annually), for and during the term of Settlor's spouse's life.In addition, the Successor Trustee may pay to or apply for the benefit of Settlor's spouse so much or all of the principal of this trust as the Successor Trustee, in his sole and absolute discretion, deems necessary or desirable for the support, maintenance, health, welfare, and benefit of Settlor's spouse. Settlor's spouse, in Settlor's spouse's individual capacity, is hereby authorized by instrument in writing delivered to the Successor Trustee, to wit hdraw in the month of December of each calendar year any part of all of the principal of the trust to the extent of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000) or five percent (5%) of the value of the principal of the trust on the last day of such year, whichever is the greater amount. This right shall be noncumulative.Upon the death of Settlor's spouse, the Successor Trustee shall distribute any undistributed net income of this trust, whether collected or accrued, to Settlor's spouse's Personal Representative and shall pay over and distribute the entire remaining principal to such of my issue, in such shares and proportions and either outright or in trust as Settlor's spouse, by specific reference in her will to said special power of appointment, hereby created, may designate and appoint, or, to the extent, if any, that Settlor's spouse may fail to effectively exercise this said special power of appointment, the remaining principal of this Trust established in this Article V, paragraph (A), sup ra, shall be distributed by my Successor Trustee as follows: (1)In the event that any portion of this Trust referred to in this Article V, paragraph (A), supra, is included in Settlor's spouse's estate, the Successor Trustee shall pay to the Personal Representative of Settlor's spouse's estate, out of the principal of the Trust, an amount equal to the estate, inheritance, transfer, succession, or other death taxes (death taxes), federal, state, or other, payable by reason of the inclusion of the value of the trust property in her estate.Such payment shall be equal to the amount by which (i) the total of such death taxes paid by Settlor's spouse's estate exceeds (ii) the total death taxes which would have been payable if the value of the trust property had not be included in Settlor's spouse's estate. The determination of the Settlor's spouse's Personal Representative of the amount payable hereunder shall be final. The Successor Trustee is directed to pay such amount promptly upon wr itten request of Settlor's spouse's Personal Representative. The final determination of the amount due hereunder shall be based upon the values as finally determined for federal estate tax purposes in Settlor's spouse's estate. After payment of the amount finally determined to be due hereunder, the Successor Trustee shall be discharged from any further liability with respect to such payment. Settlor's spouse may waive Settlor's spouse's state's right to payment under this paragraph by a will, executed after Settlor's death, in which Settlor's spouse specifically refers to the right to payment hereby given to Settlor's spouse's estate. (2)Any then remaining principal, after payment of the taxes as specified in this Article V, paragraph (A)(1), supra, shall be divided, administered, and managed as part of the trust established in Article VI, infra. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article V, paragraph (A), if Settlor's spouse renounced Settlor's spouse's interest in any port ion of the property passing under this Article V, paragraph (A), such portion shall not pass under this Article V, paragraph (A), but shall pass under and be governed by the provisions of Article V, paragraph (B), infra.Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article V, paragraph (A), if a reduction of the property passing to the Successor Trustee under this Article V, paragraph (A), would not result in any increase in the federal estate tax upon Settlor's estate (after taking into account the unified credit and the credit for state death taxes, but only to the extent that the use of such credit does not increase state death taxes payable by Settlor's estate, and all other estate tax credits available to Settlor's estate and after assuming for this purpose only that all property passing under this paragraph will be qualified for the federal estate tax marital deduction), said property shall be reduced by the largest amount which will result in no such increase, and such amount sh all not pass under this Article V, paragraph (A), but shall pass under and be governed by the provisions of Article V, paragraph (C), infra.In determining the amount of any such reduction, the final determination of the federal estate tax proceeding relating to Settlor's estate shall control, and there shall be taken into account all property passing (or which shall have passed) to or for the benefit of Settlor's spouse (under Settlor's will, this Trust, or otherwise); however, there shall not be taken into account any renunciation by Settlor's spouse or any interest in any portion of Settlor's residuary estate which, but for such renunciation, would have passed under the provisions of this Article V, paragraph (A), and such determination shall be made on the assumption that there was no such renunciation. Such reduction shall be deemed a dollar amount reduction, and the property passing as a result thereof to the trust created under Article V, paragraph (C), infra, shall not partic ipate in increases or decreases during the administration of Settlor's estate.To the extent possible, assets with respect to which the marital deduction is not allowable for purposes of federal estate tax on Settlor's estate, or with respect to which a credit for foreign death taxes is allowable for such purposes, shall be allocated to the property passing to the trust created under Article VI, infra. It is Settlor's intention that this Trust qualify for the marital deduction allowable in determining the federal estate tax upon Settlor's estate. Accordingly, Settlor hereby authorizes the Settlor's Personal Representative to elect that any amount passing under this Article V, paragraph (A), be treated as qualified terminable interest property for the purposes of qualifying for said marital deduction.If Settlor's spouse is not living at the time of Settlor's death, the foregoing provisions of this Article V, paragraph (A), shall be of no effect and the property otherwise segregated fo r and allocated to the trust created in this Article V, paragraph (A), shall rather be held, administered, and disposed of under and in accordance with the provisions of the trust established in Article VI, infra. In the event that Settlor or Settlor's spouse shall die under circumstances that the order of death cannot be established by adequate proof, it shall be conclusively presumed that Settlor's spouse [survived] [predeceased] Settlor, and this Trust Agreement shall be administered as though Settlor's spouse [survived] [predeceased] Settlor, and its terms shall be so interpreted and construed. Such presumption shall be conclusive and binding upon all parties having an interest under this Trust Agreement. B)If Settlor's spouse survives Settlor and renounces her interest in any amount or any portion which would otherwise have passed under the provisions of Article V, paragraph (A), supra, or renounces any portion of Settlor's estate passing to Settlor's spouse pursuant to Settlor 's Last Will and Testament, such renounce amount or portion shall be held, managed, and invested by the Successor Trustee, IN TRUST, NEVERTHELESS, upon the terms and conditions and for the uses and purposes hereinafter set forth. The Successor Trustee shall collect the income therefrom and, after deducting all charges and expenses properly attributable thereto, shall, at least as often as quarter annually, pay or apply all of such net income to or for the use and benefit of Settlor's spouse.If the principal of the Trust established under the provisions of Article V, paragraph (A), supra, is exhausted for any reason, then, from and after such exhaustion, the Successor Trustee may pay to or apply for the benefit of Settlor's spouse, so much or all of the principal as the Successor Trustee, in his sole and absolute discretion, deems necessary or desirable for the support, health, welfare, and benefit of Settlor's spouse. With regard to any property passing under this Article V, paragra ph (B), Settlor directs Settlor's Personal Representative not to elect to have the same treated as qualified terminable interest property for the purposes of qualifying for the marital deduction allowable in determining the federal estate tax on Settlor's estate. Upon the death of Settlor's spouse any then remaining principal of the trust referred to in this Article V, paragraph (B), shall be held, administered, and distributed as part of the trust established in Article VI, infra. C)If Settlor's spouse survives Settlor, and if any amount is directed to be disposed of under and governed by the provisions of this Article V, paragraph (C), said amount shall be held, managed, and administered by the Successor Trustee, IN TRUST, NEVERTHELESS. The Successor Trustee shall collect the income thereon and pay to or apply for the benefit of Settlor's spouse so much or all of the net income thereof as Successor Trustee, in his sole and absolute discretion, deems necessary or desirable for Sett lor's spouse's support, health, welfare, and benefit. Any balance of net income not so paid or applied shall be added to principal annually.If the principal of the trusts established under the provisions of Article V, paragraphs (A) and (B), supra, is exhausted for any reason whatsoever, then, from and after such exhaustion, the Successor Trustee may pay to or apply for the benefit of Settlor's spouse so much or all of the principal of this trust as the Successor Trustee, in his sole and absolute discretion, deems necessary or desirable for the support, health, welfare, and benefit of Settlor's spouse. Settlor's spouse is hereby authorized, in Settlor's spouse's individual capacity, by instrument in writing delivered to the Successor Trustee, to withdraw in the month of December of each calendar year any part of all of the principal of the trust to the extent of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000) or five percent (5%) of the value of the principal of the trust on the last day of such yea r (which principal shall not be deemed to include undistributed income of the current year), whichever is the greater amount. This right shall be noncumulative.Settlor's spouse is hereby authorized, in Settlor's spouse's individual capacity, by instrument in writing delivered to the Successor Trustee during Settlor's spouse's lifetime, to direct the Successor Trustee to pay over and distribute, at any time or from time to time during her lifetime, so much or all of the principal of this trust to such of Settlor's then living issue, in such shares and proportions and either outright or in trust, as Settlor's spouse, in Settlor's spouse's sole and absolute discretion, may designate and appoint, provided that, no such appointment shall be effective to the extent it relieves Settlor's spouse of any obligations she may have to support any of the Settlor's then living issue. If, in Successor Trustee's sole and absolute discretion, the financial security of Settlor's spouse would not be je opardized, the Successor Trustee may, at any time or from time to time, pay to or apply for the benefit of any one or more of Settlor's then living issue so much or all or any accumulated income and so much or all of the principal of this trust as the Successor Trustee, in his sole and absolute discretion, deems necessary or desirable for the support, health, education, welfare, and benefit of such then living issue or any of them.Upon the death of Settlor's spouse, the Successor Trustee shall pay over and distribute the principal of this trust as then constituted, together with any undistributed net income, whether collected or accrued, to such of Settlor's then living issue, in such shares and proportions and either outright or in trust, as Settlor's spouse, by express reference to this provision in her will, may designate and appoint, or, to the extent, if any, that Settlor's spouse shall fail to effectively exercise this power of appointment, the remaining principal of this Trus t established in this Article V, paragraph (C), shall be held, administered, and distributed as part of the trust established in Article VI, infra. ARTICLE VI [Description]Upon the death of the Settlor's spouse after Settlor's death or if Settlor's spouse does not survive the Settlor then upon the death of the Settlor, the Successor Trustee shall divide the Trust Fund, as then constituted, into separate trusts, equal in value, one for each then living child of Settlor and one for the issue, collectively, of each child of Settlor who predeceases Settlor or Settlor's spouse leaving issue who survive Settlor. The share or portion of a share allocated to each beneficiary shall constitute and be administered as a separate trust. Separate books and records shall be kept for each trust, but it shall not be necessary that physical division of the assets be made to each trust. These trusts shall be administered as follows: (A)Each share so provided for a then living child of the Settlor who has not then attained the age of __________________ (___) years shall be paid over and distributed to such child, outright and free of trust. (B)Each share so provided for a then living child of Settlor who has not hen attained the age of __________________ (___) years shall be held, managed, invested, and reinvested by the Successor Trustee, who shall collect the income therefrom and, after deducting all charges and expenses properly attributable thereto, shall, at any time and from time to time, pay or apply to or for the support, health, education (including college and professional education), and maintenance of the child for whom such share has been placed in trust so much (even to the extent of the whole) of the net income of such share and/or principal of such share as the Successor Trustee, in his sole and absolute discretion, shall deem advisable for such purposes. The Successor Trustee need not consider such child's other sources of income when determining whether to invad e the principal of such share. The Successor Trustee shall accumulate and add to the principal of such share any balance of such net income not so paid or applied. From such time as such child attains the age of __________________ (___) years until such time as such child's share is terminated, the Successor Trustee shall pay over and distribute to such child, outright and free of trust, all income of such child's share, at least as frequently as quarter annually.At such time as such child attains the age of __________________ (___) years, the Successor Trustee shall pay over and distribute to such child outright and free of trust, all then remaining principal and undistributed income, if any, of said share. Upon the death of such child, said child's share, if not previously distributed in full pursuant to the foregoing provisions hereof, shall then be distributed as follows: The Successor Trustee shall pay over and distribute all then remaining principal and undistributed income, i f any, of said share, outright and free of trust, to the then living issue of such child, subject to the provisions of Article VII, paragraph (A), infra, per stirpes; or, if none, outright and free of trust, to the then living children of Settlor, per stirpes; or, if none, outright and free of trust , to the Settlor's heirs.Such distributions to Settlor's surviving children or to their surviving issue shall be made by the Successor Trustee herein appointed if any portion of the trust of such child or children hereinbefore established has not been distributed. If, however, such trust has been distributed, then such share shall pass directly to Settlor's then living children or their surviving issue, if any. (C)Each share so provided for the then living issue of a child of the Settlor who is then deceased shall, subject to the provisions of Article VII, paragraph (D), infra, be paid over and distributed, outright and free of trust, to such then living issue, per stirpes. D)Recognizing the possibility that the amount of the funds or property held in the trust created under this Article VI may be insufficient to justify the continuance of the trust, the Successor Trustee, in his discretion, may terminate any trust created hereunder whenever in his judgment such trust no longer serves a useful purpose, and upon any such termination, distribute the trust assets to the beneficiary of the trust, free and clear of any trust. (E)If neither Settlor's spouse, Settlor's children, nor any of the issue of Settlor's children survive Settlor, the entire Trust Fund shall be paid over and distributed by the Successor Trustee, outright and free of trust, to Settlor's heirs. ARTICLE VII [Description] (A)If any part of the Trust Fund is distributable to a person who is under the age of __________________ (___) years, then, in each case where it shall be lawful to do so, such property shall continue to be held IN TRUST by the Trustees.The Trustees shall hold, invest, and reinvest th e same, collect the income therefrom and, after deducting from said income all amounts properly chargeable thereto, at any time and from time to time, pay to or apply to the support, health, education (including college and professional education), and maintenance of such person so much of the net income as the Trustees, in their sole and absolute discretion, shall deem advisable for such purposes. The Trustees shall accumulate and add to the principal of said Trust any balance of such net income not so paid or applied. The provisions of this Article VII, paragraph (A), shall not refer to any child of the Settlor who is a beneficiary of a trust created under Article VI, supra.In addition, the Trustees shall be authorized, at any time and from time to time, to pay to or apply to the support, health, education (including college and professional education), and maintenance of such person so much (even to the extent of the whole) of the principal of said Trust as the Trustees, in their sole and absolute discretion, shall deem advisable for such purposes. The Trustees need not consider such person's other sources of income when determining whether to invade the principal of said Trust. The Trust hereunder with respect to property shall terminate when such person attains the age of __________________ (___) years or sooner dies, but in no event later than the time set forth in Article VII, paragraph (B), infra.Upon such termination, the Trustees shall pay over and distribute outright and free of trust, the then remaining principal and undistributed income, if any, of said Trust to the person for whose benefit said Trust was established, if he or she is then living; or if deceased, to his or her then living issue, per stirpes; or, if none, to any other issue of the Settlor then living, per stirpes; or, in default of all issue of the Settlor, to such deceased person's estate. (B)Notwithstanding any designation of age or distribution or any other provision contained he rein, if the creation of interests herein in any person shall violate the Rule Against Perpetuities or any other rule of law, then the interest of that person shall be accelerated and shall be deemed to vest within such time as will not violate the Rule Against Perpetuities or any other rule of law.In no event shall any such trust created pursuant to the terms of this Trust Agreement terminate later than twenty one (21) years after the death of the last to survive of the group consisting of Settlor's spouse, Settlor's children, and the issue of Settlor's children living at the time of the death of the Settlor. Upon such termination, the Successor Trustee shall pay over and distribute the then remaining principal and undistributed income, if any, of such trust, outright and free of trust, to the person for whose benefit said trust was so provided, if he or she is then living; or, if then deceased, to his or her then living issue, per stirpes; or, if none, to any descendant of the Set tlor, per stirpes; or, if one, to any then living issue of Settlor, per stirpes; or, if none, outright and free of trust, pursuant to Article VI, paragraph (E), supra. (C)Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Article VII, whenever, upon the death of a beneficiary of any trust created under this Trust Agreement, all or any part of the then remaining principal and undistributed income, if any, of such trust shall be payable or distributable to a person for whose benefit the Successor Trustee is then holding property in trust under this Trust Agreement, then and in that event (in each case where it may lawfully be done) the same shall not be paid or distributed to such person, but shall instead be added to and thereafter constitute a part of the principal of the trust for such person. D)Whenever any property may be distributed to or for the support, health, welfare, education, and maintenance of a person under the age of __________________ (___) years (minor), or the net inc ome or principal of any trust created under this Trust Agreement may be paid or applied to or for the support, health, welfare, education, and maintenance of a minor, there shall be no necessity for the appointment of a guardian to receive distributions, payments, or applications for any on behalf of such minor. Rather, any such distribution, payment, or application may be made by distributing the same or paying the amount thereof to a parent, the guardian (if there is one), or any other person then caring for or having custody of such minor.Any distribution payment or application made to such parent, guardian, other person, or directly to such minor, pursuant to this paragraph (D), shall constitute a complete discharge and acquittance to the Successor Trustee, with respect to such distribution of the sum so paid or applied. (E)Except for the trust created in Article V, paragraph (A), supra, any trust created under this Trust Agreement shall be construed as a spendthrift trust. No p art of the income, accumulated income, or principal of such trust is ever to be subject to transfer, assignment, sale, pledge, or anticipation in any manner by any beneficiary or remainderman, nor is the interest of any beneficiary or remainderman, prior to the termination of such trust, to be seized in any manner or held liable for the debts, contracts, obligations, or engagements of any kind whatsoever of any beneficiary or remainderman hereunder.If any beneficiary or remainderman should execute any document by which he attempts to transfer, assign, sell, pledge, or anticipate his or her interest hereunder, the Successor Trustee is to immediately terminate all payments to said beneficiary or remainderman, and the Successor Trustee thereafter may pay over to any person such sums of money or other property which the Successor Trustee, in his sole and absolute discretion, deems to be in the interest of said beneficiary or remainderman. (F)For all purposes of this Trust Agreement, the terms child or children are defined to mean a lawful descendant or lawful descendants in the first degree, whether by blood or adoption (and whether born or adopted before or after the execution of this Trust Agreement), of the parent designated, and the term issue is defined to mean a lawful descendant or lawful descendants in the first, second, or any other degree, whether by blood or adoption (and whether born or adopted before or after the execution of this Trust Agreement), of the ancestor designated.The provisions of the preceding sentence to the contrary notwithstanding, for all purposes of this Trust Agreement, any child born to or adopted by persons who are holding themselves out as husband and wife after the performance of a marriage ceremony between them shall be considered as a lawful descendant in first degree of such persons, and therefore a child (as defined in the preceding sentence) of such person even though any divorce or annulment proceeding purporting to termin ate a prior marriage of one or both of such persons is or may be invalid; and a blood descendant in the first degree of a person shall be deemed to be a lawful descendant in the first degree of such person, and therefore a child (as defined in the preceding sentence) of such person, if it is established that such person has openly and continuously held out such descendant as his or her own son or daughter. For all purposes of this Trust Agreement the term Settlor's children and terms of like import shall refer not only to the [children / child] of the Settlor now living (viz. , ________________________________) but also to any child of Settlor (as defined in this paragraph (F)) born or adopted after the execution of this Trust Agreement. (G) For all purposes of this Trust Agreement, an infant in gestation who is later born alive shall be deemed to have been in being during such period of gestation for the purposes of qualifying such infant, after its birth, as a beneficiary of any t rusts created hereunder. H) Any reference in this Trust Agreement to Settlor's heirs means those persons, other than creditors, who would take Settlor's person property under the laws of the jurisdiction of Settlor's domicile at the time of Settlor's death if Settlor had died at the time stipulated for distribution, unmarried, intestate, and domiciled in such jurisdiction; and distribution to such persons shall be made in the same manner and in the same proportion that Settlor's personal property would be distributed under the laws of such jurisdiction if Settlor had died at the time stipulated for distribution, unmarried, intestate, owning the property available for distribution and no other property, without creditors, and domiciled in such jurisdiction.ARTICLE VIII [Description] Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Trust Agreement to the contrary: (A) On receipt of a written request from the Settlor's spouse, any unproductive property held as a part of the trust created i n Article V, paragraph (A), supra, shall be made productive or converted within a reasonable time into productive property. (B) The powers and discretions of the Trustee or Successor Trustee shall not be exercised in such a manner as would cause the trust created in Article V, paragraph (A), supra, to fail to qualify for the estate tax marital deduction in the computation of the federal estate tax on the estate of the Settlor. C) The powers and discretions of the Trustee or Successor Trustee shall not be exercised in such a manner as would cause any property remaining in the trust created under Article V, paragraph (C), supra, at the death of Settlor's spouse to be included in the Settlor's spouse's estate for federal estate tax purposes. ARTICLE IX [Description] In addition to and not in limitation of the rights, powers, privileges, and discretions vested in trustees by law, Settlor gives to the Trustee, in the administration of any trust created hereunder, the following powers, to be exercised, without application to any court, to such extent, at such time or times, upon such terms, and in such manner as the Trustee, shall in his absolute discretion, deem advisable. A)To retain, for so long as is deemed advisable, any property, real or personal, included in the Trust Fund, to abandon any property, to change investments and to invest and reinvest from time to time in such other property, real or personal, within or without the United States (including, but not limited to, improved or unimproved real estate directly or through partnerships, limited liability companies, or joint ventures), stocks of any classification and shares of or interest in any discretionary common trust fund or mutual fund, without being limited in such retention, investment, or reinvestment to property authorized for the investment of trust funds or any applicable local law, without regard to diversification of assets, even though such assets are not income-producing. B) To sell, with o r without notice, at public or private sale, for cash or on credit, with or without security, to exchange and to grant options to purchase any property, real or personal, at any time held hereunder, and in so doing to execute all necessary deeds or other instruments. (C)To borrow money, to mortgage or pledge as security, otherwise encumber, any property held hereunder, and, if money is borrowed from the Trustee, to pay interest thereon at the prevailing rate. (D) To lease for any period (without regard to the duration of any trust created hereunder or to any statutory restriction), exchange, partition, divide, alter, demolish, develop, dedicate (even without consideration), improve, repair, maintain, grant easements on, or otherwise deal with real property. E) To make contracts and agreements, to compromise, settle, release, arbitrate, or accept arbitration of any debts or claims in favor of or against any trust created hereunder, to sue on behalf of any trust created hereunder and to defend any suit against the same, to foreclose any mortgage, deed of trust, or other lien securing any obligation and to bid on the property at foreclosure sale or acquire the property by deed without foreclosure, and to extend, modify, or waive the terms of leases, bonds, mortgages, and their obligations or liens. (F) To vote, in person or by proxy, any stock or securities held hereunder, and to exercise or delegate all rights and privileges (such as subscription rights and conversion privileges) and discretionary powers in connection therewith. (G) To exercise any options or warrants for the purchase of securities on such terms and conditions as the Trustee deems advisable and in the best interests of the beneficiary of any trusts created hereunder; or alternatively, not to exercise any such options or warrants (and allow them to lapse) if the Trustee deems such non-exercise to be in the best interest of such beneficiaries. H) To consent to and participate in any reorganization , consolidation, merger, dissolution, sale, lease, mortgage, purchase, or other action affecting any stock or securities held hereunder, and to make payments in connection therewith. (I) To deposit property with any protective, reorganization, or similar committee, to exercise or delegate discretionary powers in connection therewith, and to share in paying the compensation and expenses of such committee. (J) To employ agents, attorneys, accountants, brokers, counsel, including investment counsel, or others, whether individual or corporate, and to pay their reasonable compensation and expenses. The Trustee may serve in any such additional capacity and be so compensated for services rendered in such additional capacity. K) To hold any property, real or personal, in the name of a nominee, or in his name as Trustee or to take stock or securities and keep the same unregistered in such condition that such stock or securities will pass by delivery. (L) In dividing or distributing principal of any trust created hereunder, to make such division or distribution in money, kind, or partly in money and partly in kind, or by allotting or assigning undivided interests in the property, even if one or more shares be composed in whole or in part of property different in kind from that of any other share. (M) To hold, in solido, for convenience of investment and administration, property constituting principal of two or more trusts created hereunder, or to make joint or common investments in which the separate trusts shall have undivided interests. N) To perform and carry out the provisions of any business agreements to which Settlor was a party and which may be in force at the time of Settlor's death (including, but not limited to, agreements of partnership, limited partnership, or joint venture, and agreements arising out of Settlor's interest as an officer, director , stockholder, or member of any corporation or limited liability company), and to reorganize or continue to oper ate any business, whether a sole proprietorship, partnership, limited partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, or corporation, in which Settlor may have an interest at the time of his death, under such terms and conditions, with such other persons and in such manner as the Trustee, may determine. The Trustee is authorized to have a personal interest as partner, venturer, stockholder, member, owner or investor in, to be employed by, or otherwise to serve any business referred to herein, and to receive compensation for such employment or other services rendered to or for such business. The Settlor owns at the date of execution of this Trust certain business known as _________ _____________________________________________.In the event that at the time of the death of the Settlor he owns a controlling interest in said business or successor thereto or in another business enterprise (whether operated in the form of a corporation, a partnership, limited liability company, or a sole proprietorship), the Settlor hereby desires that the Successor Trustee shall continue to hold and operate each such business as a part of the Trust Fund herein created. The Settlor hereby vests the said Successor Trustee, severally, including any successors to either, with the following powers and authority, as supplemental to the ones contained in this Article IX the applicability of which to the business of the Settlor confirms without limitation by reason of specification, and in addition to powers conferred by law, all of which may be exercised with respect to every such business, whether a corporation, a partnership, limited liability company, or a sole proprietorship. 1.To retain and continue to operate the business for such period as the Successor Trustee, as the case may be, may deem advisable. 2. To control, direct, and manage the business. In this connection, the Successor Trustee, in his sole and absolute discretion, shall determine the manner and extent of its act ive participation in the operation, and the Successor Trustee may delegate all or any part of his power to supervise and operate, to such person or persons as he may select, including any associate, partner, officer, member, or employee of the business. 3. To hire and discharge officers and employees, fix their compensation and define their duties; and similarly to employ, compensate nd discharge agents, attorneys, consultants, accountants and such other representatives as the Successor Trustee may deem appropriate; including the right to employ any beneficiary (or individual Trustee) in any of the foregoing capacities. 4. To invest other estate or Trust funds in such business; to pledge other assets of the estate or Trust as security for loans made to such business; and to loan funds from the Trust Fund to such business and to borrow from any bank or other lending institution, on such terms as are currently competitive. 5. To organize a corporation under the law of this or any othe r state or country and to transfer thereto all or any part of the business or other property held in the estate or Trust, and to receive in exchange therefor such stocks, bonds and other securities as the Trustee may deem advisable. 6.To take any action required to convert any corporation or limited liability company into a partnership or sole proprietorship. 7. To treat the business as an entity separate from the estate or trusts. In its accountings to the court and to any beneficiaries, the Successor Trustee shall only be required to report the earnings and conditions of the business in accordance with standard corporate accounting practice. 8. To purchase, process, and sell merchandise of every kind and description; and to purchase and sell machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures, and supplies of all kinds. 9. To liquidate all or any part of any business at such time and price and upon such terms and conditions (including credit) as the Successor Trustee may determine.The Successor Trustee is specifically authorized and empowered to make such sale to any partner, officer, member, or employee of the business (or to any Trustee) or to any beneficiary hereunder. 10. To exercise any of the rights and powers herein contained in conjunction with another or others. 11. To diminish, enlarge, or change the scope or nature of any business. The Settlor is aware of the fact that certain risks are inherent in the operation of any business and expects that decisions will be required of a businessman's risk nature as contrasted with prudent man rule. Therefore, the Settlor directs that the Trustee shall not be held liable for any loss resulting from the retention and operation of any business unless such loss shall result directly from the Successor Trustee's bad faith and willful misconduct.In determining any question of liability for losses, it should be considered that the Successor Trustee, as the case may be, is engaging in a speculative enterprise at the Set tlor's request. If any business operated by the Successor Trustee pursuant to the authorization contained in this Trust shall be unincorporated, then the Settlor directs that all liabilities arising therefrom shall be satisfied first from the business itself and second out of the estate or Trust Fund; it being the Settlor's intention that in no event shall any liability be enforced against the Successor Trustee personally. If the Successor Trustee shall be held personally liable, he shall be entitled to indemnify first from the business and second from the estate or Trust Fund.It is recognized that any business interest which may be included in any estate or trust may require additional efforts and expertise on the part of the fiduciary. Accordingly, it is recognized that additional fees may be required. Such fees shall be taken as a director's fee, which shall be remitted to the fiduciary and/or as a management consultant charge by the fiduciary. (O) To make any loans, either secur ed or unsecured, in such amounts, upon such terms, at such rates of interest, and to such persons, firms or corporations, as is deemed advisable. (P) To receive, receipt for, and collect any and all income of every kind and character whatsoever, which shall, from time to time, be produced by or arise out of the trust estate. Q) The Settlor, while acting as Trustee, shall have the exclusive power and authority (1) to establish and maintain one or more accounts, which may be margin accounts, for the purpose of purchasing, investing in, or otherwise acquiring, selling (including short sales), possessing, transferring, exchanging, pledging, or otherwise disposing of, or turning to account of, or realizing upon, and generally dealing in and with (a) any and all forms of securities, including but not by way of limitation, shares, stocks, bonds, debentures, notes, script, participation certificates, rights to subscribe, options, warrants, certificates of deposit, mortgages, choses in actio n, evidences of indebtedness, commercial paper, certificates of indebtedness, and certificates of interest of any kind and every kind and nature whatsoever, secured or unsecured, whether represented by trust, participating and/or other certificates or otherwise, and (b) any and all commodities and/or contracts for the future delivery thereof, whether represented by trust, participating and/or other certificates or otherwise; (2) to pledge trust property as collateral for any personal or business loans of Settlor, or for the benefit of any other person or entity designated by Settlor; and (3) to delegate to any agent of Settlor's choice by power of attorney or otherwise, the conducting of banking activities for Trustee, or the hiring, cancellation or use of entry of a safe deposit box or other storage facilities in the name of Trustee. Said power and authority shall be peculiar to Settlor while acting as initial Trustee. (R) To form, renew, or extend the life of any corporation or bu siness entity while under the laws of any state and/or to subscribe for, or otherwise acquire, all or any part of the capital stock, bonds, or other securities of any corporation or business entity. (S) To pay, satisfy, and discharge all taxes and assessments upon the property comprising the trust estate or upon the income derived therefrom, and, in connection with any estate, inheritance, succession, or other imilar taxes that may be imposed upon Settlor's estate, the Successor Trustee shall make provisions and payment therefor if and to the extent that the Personal Representative of Settlor's probate estate, if any, so desires; provided, further, in the event that there shall be included in the trust property and estate any United States Treasury Bonds or other obligations redeemable at par value in payment of the United States Estate Tax imposed upon or with respect to all or any part of the trust property and estate, the Successor Trustee is hereby directed to apply such Bonds o r other obligations toward the payment of said tax in an amount not to exceed the total of such tax and any interest accrued thereon, which Bonds or other obligations may be so applied directly by the Successor Trustee, or, in the Successor Trustee's discretion, may be delivered to the Personal Representative of Settlor's probate estate, if any, in which latter case the Successor Trustee may rely upon any written representations made to it by such Personal Representative as to the total of said tax and shall be under no duty to verify the same. Further, where it is permitted by law to claim expenses as either income or estate tax deductions, Settlor's Successor Trustee may, but shall not be required to, make such adjustment between income and principal as Successor Trustee shall deem proper. Settlor's Successor Trustee shall not be accountable or responsible to any person interested in Settlor's property for the manner in which it shall exercise such election, and the decisions with respect to adjustment between income and principal shall be binding and conclusive upon all persons interested in Settlor's property. T) To determine what part of cash or other property received by it is income and what part is principal, and to determine what expenses and other charges, including Trustee's fees and disbursements, shall be a charge against principal and what against income; provided, however, that stock dividends, rights to subscribe for any stock or securities, or any profit or gain which may accrue from any sale, exchange, or other disposition of assets and property comprising or included in the Trust Fund, shall not be determined to be income subject to distribution, but shall be determined to be principal and shall be added thereto and treated in all respects in the same manner as the original principal of the Trust Fund after deduction therefrom as a charge against the same of all income taxes payable with respect thereto, and all losses sustained as a result of the sale, exchange, or other disposition of assets and property comprising a part of the Trust Fund shall be charged against the income of the Trust Fund or reduce the amount of such income subject to distribution. All cash dividends except liquidating dividends shall be considered as income. U) To pay, satisfy, and discharge all last illness and funeral expenses resulting from Settlor's death, and all debts, just claims, and administration expenses outstanding at the time of Settlor's death or resulting from Settlor's death, and to pay or otherwise satisfy all specific bequests under Settlor's will, as admitted to probate, in the Successor Trustee's discretion, to the extent that the fiduciary of Settlor's estate so desires, or to the extent that there are insufficient funds in Settlor's estate to pay said aforementioned items, without requiring any reimbursement from the Settlor's executors or administrators or other persons receiving property as a result of Settlor's death, pr ovided that no qualified pension or profit-sharing plan comprising a part of the trust estate, which are deemed not to be a lump-sum distribution as defined under the Internal Revenue, and otherwise not subject to Federal Estate Tax, or life insurance proceeds shall be used for such purposes. (V) To construe the trust provisions of this Trust Agreement and any construction thereof, any action taken thereon by the Trustee in good faith shall be final and conclusive, and the Trustee may correct any defect, supply any omission, or reconcile any inconsistencies in said trust provisions in such manner, and to such extent, as the Trustee shall deem expedient to carry the same into effect, and the Trustee shall be the sole, final and conclusive judge of such expediency. W) To make all discretionary decisions provided for or required by the provisions of this Trust Agreement, in their sole, absolute and uncontrolled discretion. (X) Generally to do any and all acts and things and to execute any and all written documents with respect to any property at any time held hereunder which the Trustee would be entitled to do were such property owned absolutely by the Trustee. (Y) To elect or not to elect to treat all or any portion of estimated tax paid by any trust created hereunder as a payment by a beneficiary of such trust, which election may be made pro rata among the beneficiaries or otherwise in the discretion of the Trustee, whose decision shall be conclusive and binding upon all parties in interest.It is the Settlor's intention and purpose, except as otherwise provided in this Trust Agreement, to confer upon the Trustee and Successor Trustee the broadest and fullest power and authority with respect to each trust created hereunder which it is possible for an individual to exercise over his own property and the Trustee and the Successor Trustee shall exercise such powers and authority in their sole discretion, in such manner, and to such extent, as they shall deem advisa ble. The provisions of this Article IX shall continue in effect with respect to any property at any time held hereunder until the execution or termination of the trust with respect thereto shall have been completed by the payment or distribution thereof pursuant to the terms of this Trust Agreement.No powers of the Trustee enumerated herein or now or hereafter conferred upon the Trustee generally shall be construed to enable Settlor, or Trustee, or Successor Trustee, or any of them, or any other person to purchase, exchange, or otherwise deal with or dispose of all or any part of the Trust Fund for less than an adequate consideration in money or money's worth, or to enable Settlor to borrow all or any part of the principal or income of this Trust, directly or indirectly without adequate interest or security. No person other than Trustee shall have or exercise the power to vote or direct the voting of any shares or other securities of this Trust, to control the investment of this Tru st either by directing investments or reinvestments or by vetoing proposed investments or reinvestments, or to reacquire or exchange any property of this Trust by substituting other property of an equivalent value. ARTICLE X [Description]This Trust has been accepted by the Trustee in the State of Maryland and it is the intention of the parties hereto that this Trust Agreement shall in all respects be construed, interpreted, and administered according to the laws of the State of Maryland and that the parties in all things in respect thereto shall be governed by such laws. This Article, however, shall not be deemed a limitation upon any of the powers of the Trustee or Successor Trustee, or to prevent their investing in properties, real or personal, located outside of the State of Maryland. ARTICLE XI [Description] The Trust created by this Trust Agreement is revocable by the Settlor who, at any time, may execute such further instruments as shall be necessary to revoke it.Settlor reser ves the right to alter, amend, or revoke this Trust Agreement in whole or in part, at any time or times, and from time to time, by a letter or memorandum in writing delivered to the Successor Trustee; provided that the duties, powers, and liabilities of the Successor Trustee shall not be materially or substantially changed by such alteration or amendment without Settlor's consent thereto in writing. ARTICLE XII [Description] (A) No bond or other security shall be required of the original Trustee hereunder or of any Successor Trustee. (B) The majority of the adult beneficiaries entitled to receive or have the benefit of the income from the Trust estate may approve the accounts of any individual Trustee at any time resigning as such hereunder. The approval of such accounts shall be full and complete discharge of such Trustee and shall have the same effect as if the Trustee had presented and had its accounts approved by a court of competent jurisdiction. C) In the event any corporate T rustee shall merge or become consolidated with any other corporation, such merged or consolidated corporation is hereby appointed successor corporate Trustee, with all powers, titles, privileges, immunities, discretions, and authorities conferred upon such corporate Trustee so merging or consolidating. (D) Whenever there are co-Trustees hereunder and any Trustee is absent or unavailable, the other Trustee may act without such absent or unavailable Trustee. Any persons dealing with the co-Trustees may rely on a certificate by any one or more of them that he or they have sole authority to act because of the absence or unavailability of the other Trustee, and such certificate shall be binding on the Trust and shall require the Trustee to make fully valid the transaction with any person relying on such certificates. E) The Trustees, and any partnership, firm, corporation, limited liability company, or other business entity in which the Trustees, or any of them are interested, directly o r indirectly, whether as a partner, principal, stockholder, member, creditor, employee, or otherwise, may deal with the Trust in the same manner as a third party might, including (by way of illustration and not limitation) purchasing property from and selling services for the Trust, and joining with the Trust in a joint venture, limited partnership, partnership, limited liability company, syndicate, corporation, or other business or non-business arrangement; provided, however, that no such transaction shall take place unless the Trustees decide that the transaction is fair to the Trust and is in the best interests of the beneficiaries. (F) Any Successor Trustee may resign at any time by giving not less than thirty (30) days written notice to the Settlor, if living; and if the Settlor is then deceased, then to the remaining Successor Trustee, if any; and if there is no remaining Successor Trustee, then to all competent adult persons and the parents or guardians of all minor or incomp etent persons who are at the time entitled to receive income or principal hereunder.Upon the resignation, death, or incapacity of any Trustee or any Successor Trustee, the Settlor shall promptly designate a Successor Trustee; in the event that the Settlor is then deceased, a Successor Trustee shall be promptly designated by the remaining Successor Trustee, if any; and in the event there is no remaining Successor Trustee or if the remaining Successor Trustee fails to designate a Successor Trustee within thirty (30) days, then a Successor Trustee shall be promptly designated by majority vote of all persons who would be entitled to notice of the resignation of a Trustee if a Trustee then resigned. (G) The Settlor shall have the right at any time (i) with the consent of the Successor Trustee(s), to remove any or all of the Successor Trustee(s) and to appoint a Successor Trustee(s) to serve in place of the Successor Trustee(s) who was or were removed, and (ii) with or without the consent of the Successor Trustee(s), to remove any or all of the Successor Trustee(s) and to appoint a bank or trust company having fiduciary powers as a Successor Trustee to serve in place of Successor Trustee(s) who was or were removed. (H) The Trustees (or any of them) shall be paid a fair and reasonable compensation for services performed hereunder. I) No Successor Trustee under this Trust Agreement shall be liable for any act or omission of his predecessor, nor for any loss or expense from or occasioned by any act or omission of his predecessor, nor shall any Successor Trustee be obligated to inquire into the validity or propriety of any such act or omission. Any such Successor Trustee shall be entitled to accept as conclusive any accounting and statement of assets furnished to such Successor Trustee by his predecessor or by the personal representative of such predecessor and shall further be entitled to receipt only for those assets included in such statement. (J) The use of any gend er herein shall be deemed to include the other genders, and the use of the singular shall be deemed to include the plural (and vice versa), wherever appropriate. K) Wherever the term Trustees is employed herein, it shall be deemed to refer to the original Trustee and any Successor Trustee or Successor co-Trustee named herein or other Trustees or co-Trustees appointed hereunder. ARTICLE XIII [Description] Any Successor Trustee shall have all the duties and powers assumed by and conferred upon the Trustee under this Trust Agreement. The appointment of a Successor Trustee shall be made by a duly acknowledged instrument delivered to the beneficiaries. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Settlor has signed and sealed this Trust Agreement and, to evidence acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Trust, the Trustee and Successor Trustee have signed and sealed this Trust Agreement, all on the day and year indicated below. witness: | |SETTLOR:

The Main Criteria in the Choice of Medium of Articulation

Communication is defined as the â€Å"transfer of meaning† (Eunson, 2006:2). The message to be conveyed, the urgency of the message, the effect on the receiver etc determine the â€Å"preference† of the channel of communication. This essay shall argue that this is the most important criteria, in channel determination. Right Preference – Key to Effectiveness New inventions have facilitated ease of communication. Ironically though, Priestley’s Paradox explains that, the more we advance our means of communication, the less we communicate (Priestley 1957, as cited in Eunson, 2006:4).Hence, for effective communication the important things to be considered may be the message and effect (Lasswell’s model, 1948, as cited in Eunson, 2006:7). The latter i. e. the ‘effect’ of the message on the receiver, depends on which mode of communication is â€Å"preferred† over which and will make the difference between communicating effectively and o rdinarily. Especially, if the communication is meant for a limited audience, like the staff of one particular department of an office, or to a few sales- staff with inconsistent performance etc.For example, in a Human Resource Department in an office, with a HR Manager, and five assistants, communication is possible with his staff through direct face-to-face communication, or through memos, or e-mail notifications etc. The smart manager will choose the medium, depending on the importance of the message and the impact it should effect. He may convey routine ‘Monthly Target’ notices by pasting them on the Department Bulletin board, and further sending a copy of the message to each staff through the e-mail as a follow up.But, he may ‘prefer’ to send the individual’s ‘Performance Assessment Report’ through individual e-mail and then a one-to-one review. This ‘preference’ is exercised to enhance effective communication. The richn ess of media (Daft and Lengel, 1986) effected by direct face-to-face communication is ‘preferred’ to the e-mail channel, which is less effective than the chosen one. Conclusion Making the right â€Å"preference† in the choice of media to communicate is vital to being effective. Since effectiveness is the key element in any communication, it is clear that the right choices and preferences will lead to success.Bibliography Daft, R. L. and R. H. Lengel, (1986) â€Å"Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design,† Management Sci. , 32, 5, 554–571. Can also be view at website Eunson, Baden, (2006). â€Å"Communication Today,† in Communicating in the 21st Century, 1, pp. 2-18. Tutorial Response 2 Introduction The deluge of technology has been incapable of preventing â€Å"Miscommunication†. This essay will briefly explain the term and analyze two problems of ‘context’ resulting in miscommunicatio n, and suggest a strategy to overcome the ‘noise’ factor.Context, Noise and Miscommunication The ‘Context’ of the communication is concerned with the following issues 1) Power and Status Relationships 2) Cultural factors 3) Interpersonal Relationships 4) Time (Eunson, 006:16). Communication derives its meaning from the context, under which it takes place. The basic tenet of communication is, to send as well as receive and is said to occur, only when understanding is achieved. This fails, when there is non-cooperation between one or more of the parties and results in miscommunication.This can be deduced as the ‘noise’ in the Sender-Message-Receiver (SMR) and the Shannon-Weaver model of communication (1999, as cited in Eunson 2006:8) because it ignores the importance of context, i. e. situational, social, cultural, etc. ‘Context’ can be interpreted differently, by the receiver, according to 1) the cultural differences, 2) status diff erences between the former and the receiver and the sender. For example, using gestures and direct eye-contact is a vital part of Western conversation; however, in the Native American cultures, looking directly into the eyes of elders is disrespectful, and gestures are hardly used.Miscommunication may occur when a young American salesman tries to convince an elderly Native American of his product, due to differing cultural contexts. An example of problems arising from the power status differences: A $100 rise in salary for performance, may impact positively on a low-level employee in the factory; while the Manager of the Production is apt to be disgruntled by the same amount. The Quinn, Hildebrandt, Rogers, & Thompson, (1991) (cited in Eunson 2006:16) model helps effectively weed out the noise factor, by strategically and judiciously preferring the channel of communication.For example, to solve problem #1 of mistrust arising from contextual cultural differences, modification of the sales strategy, by adopting a combination of informational communication and relational-communication may help. This will 1) provide the facts to the receiver, 2) win his trust; a sale may effect. And in proble #2, it is possible to build on the existing on trust level of the manager by a) improving relational communication, b) stimulating challenge by using transformational communication, to explain that money is not the only end-goal in life. ConlcusionThe study of various types of communication can help in strategic solutions to problems. Bibliography Eunson, Baden, (2006). â€Å"Communication Today,† Communicating in the 21st Century. , 1, pp. 2-18. Grice, H. P. , (1975), â€Å"Logic and Conversation†, in P. Cole and J. Morgan, eds. , Syntax and Semantics, vol. 3, Academic Press, pp. 41-58 Quinn, R. E. , Hildebrandt, H. W. , Rogers, P. S. , & Thompson, M. P. (1991). â€Å"A competing values framework for analyzing presentational communication in management context s†. The Journal of Business Communication, 28, 213-232.

Business Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Communication - Essay Example The organisational structure of BED is as follows: Theoretically, communication involves the encoding of information by a sender, transmission of the information and decoding of information by the receiver (Golio, 2002: Begeron, 2011). Information in the organisational setting must prompt the required action and in any cases where the required action is not carried out, there is said to be some â€Å"noise† in the communication loop (Schiova, 2010: Koontz, 2008). Noises could be anything that obstruct communication and this include issues with decoding the message, poor transmission systems and interruptions in the flow of the message (Allender et al, 2012). Communication is said to be complete if the information sent prompts a feedback as per the initial message sent (Narula, 2010). There are various issues with the communication channel and the communication system of BED and these are discussed below. First of all, there are natural communication issues between the administrative staff and the engineering staff. This is because the Engineering Managers and the Administrative Managers have limited horizontal communication channels and systems through which they can have discussions and communications. Thus, they hardly conduct lateral communication. To this end, the administrative staff members tend to communicate more within themselves whilst the engineering staff members communicate with each other in a much more frequent manner. Due to this, if a manager in the lower tier of the company needs to communicate, there is a challenge. Secondly, there are times where there is friction between the Engineering Managers and Administrative Managers. This causes a hold up of information flow and there are various problems and issues in the operations. This has blocked upward and downward information flow, and there is so much resentment. Thirdly, the Engineering unit is used to using

Role of the International Court of Justice Essay - 2

Role of the International Court of Justice - Essay Example contentious procedure1. This court is also responsible for giving advisory opinion regarding legal issue brought forth before the court by authorized UN and specialized agencies, i.e. the advisory procedure. This court has a number of 15 judges, and they are elected by the UN’s General Assembly. These judges normally serve for a term of 9 years, and the court is situated in Hague, the Netherlands2. This paper describes the function of this court, and it gives specific examples for purposes of demonstrating a particular role. This court is responsible for settling contentious cases, between states that agree to submit a case before it. Under this function, only member states of the United Nations can bring a case before the court, and after the ruling, the states under consideration must agree to follow and implement the ruling under consideration. It is important to understand that corporate organizations, Federal States, organs of the United Nations, and Non-Governmental Organizations cannot participate directly in the cases brought forth in the court3. However, the court allows these institutions to provide any information that would support and help the court to come up with a decisive and good conclusion regarding the case under consideration. It is important to understand that in as much as non state actors cannot participate in the proceedings of the court, a state can bring in a case in the court, for the main purpose of protecting the interests of its citizens or its own corporation. An example is the case that the United States brought before the court in 1980, in protest to the detention of American diplomats in Iran4. In this case, the judges of the ICJ ruled that Iran had violated the principles that guide diplomatic relations, and on this basis, the country should take responsibility for its actions. The court further went on to rule that

The Post Civil War South Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Post Civil War South - Essay Example African-Americans and poor whites living in the South were denied land and the economic stability that it could provide. After the Civil War, the unfulfilled promises of freedom and independence vaporized into a quasi-slavery system of sharecropping and paupers wages instead of the dream of land ownership and true independence. In the agricultural South, any advancement towards freedom, equality, and civil rights would need to be accompanied by the real opportunity to own land. Land was not simply the security of what it could produce. In the South, land was a symbol of unfulfilled dreams, an expression of cultural independence, and a meaningful representation of real social capital. The plantation system of production that proliferated in the South in the 18th and 19th centuries placed land as a currency. Landowners that were able to produce cotton could have lines of credit and assure themselves a steady income. Without land ownership they were nothing. Almost all social status was obtained and measured from the number of acres anyone owned. The adoption of the factor system by the cotton plantations in the South left little for the planters and less for the workers and slaves. Still, planters would be driven to expand and the "impulse to enlarge his undertakings had become deep rooted and was apparently irresistible. There was a sort of atmospheric psychology in the situation that seemed to make a man forever dissatisfied with stagnated sufficiency" (Stone, 1915, p.562-563). In the South, the question of status was not what you did, but rather how many acres you owned. The Ante-bellum South also produced a paradox of ambivalence towards the ownership of land. While it was clearly understood that land was a significant measure of a man's social and material worth, those that were denied its use also decried land ownership. Religious beliefs in the South were initially evolved from a concept of land as a shared resource. Goldsmith (1988, p.392) states, "land, previously treated as a shared resource and mainly immune from individual ownership, became a commodity, accessible to individual enterprise. Traditional agrarian society had been invaded by the forces of a national capitalist economy". As the evolution of land from a survival source to an economic factor progressed, the social structure deprived certain members from ownership. Faulkner in Go Down, Moses describes the paradox of people seeking land, yet understanding the negative consequences of ownership. He writes, ... the land, the fields, and what they represented in terms of cotton ginned and sold, the men and women whom they fed and clothed and even paid a little cash money at Christmas-time in return for the labor which planted and raised and picked and ginned the cotton, the machinery and mules and gear with which they raised it and their cost and upkeep and replacement --- that whole edifice intricate and complex and founded upon injustice and erected by ruthless rapacity and carried on even yet with at times downright savagery not only to the human beings but the valuable animals too (p.221). Without land and its ability to produce and provide, man was nothing. Yet with it man could also become the antithesis of spirituality that was defined by not only Christianity, but also by the African-American forms of worship. The promise of land after the Civil War was a symbolic ideal that

The Glass Menagerie Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Glass Menagerie - Research Paper Example The play gives not the external reality but the internal real life, life as felt rather than seen’. Since it is a memory play it represents the mental stature than the realistic expression. It is quite apt to think about the inner state of the characters by psychoanalytical approach. It is very strange that Laura, though very passive, is yet the centre around which the play revolves. The mother worries about her. Her mother Amanda is very much attached to her. She understands her plight but at the same time wants her to correct herself and improve herself; her brother continues to be haunted by her memory even after deserting her. Thus Laura is the pivot of the play. Tennesse Williams created Laura in the image of his sister Rose. Williams’’ fondness for is sister is evident I portraying Laura as an idol of beauty, delicacy and purity. He builds her within a protective coating of glass and warns the world to stay away lest she should become contaminated by ills. Laura, because of her physical disability and disposition, retreats herself to the world of Glass menagerie collection. According to Griffin her ‘glass animals are her escape mechanism’. Laura is completely isolated from the external world which seems to her as hostile and crue l world for a frail girl like Laura. The description from the sixth scene obviously state this attitude. â€Å"The arrangement of Laura’s hair is changed; it is softer and more becoming. A fragile unearthly prettiness has come out in Laura; she is like a piece of translucent glass touched by light, given a momentary radiance, not actual, not lasting† (Glass 62). Laura is described as an object exposed to male gaze; her face ‘unearthly fragile’. Thus Laura is identified as one of the unanimated glass animals only to be watched and touched by other forces. Her intimacy with the glass objects is the psychological process of mind. Carl

Organisational Effectiveness at Google and P&G Essay

Organisational Effectiveness at Google and P&G - Essay Example Employee swapping produces risks of reduced morale and poor alignment of cultures. Nonetheless, this case showed that Google and P&G can learn from one another’s cultural values and practices, so that they can both enhance their organisational effectiveness. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Competing Values Model 4 Overview 4 Applications 4 Employee Swapping 5 P&G and Google’s Employee Swapping 5 Conclusion 7 Reference List 8 Introduction The construct of organisational effectiveness is an important concept in organisational studies because organisations commonly aspire to improve or attain organisational effectiveness. Organisational effectiveness, however, is hard to measure because it does not possess a universally-agreed definition. As a result, several scholars criticised its significance to organisations, such as Steers (1975) and Hannan and Freeman (1977). Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1983) offer a model of effectiveness criteria i n â€Å"A Spatial Model of Effectiveness Criteria: Towards a Competing Values Approach to Organizational Analysis.† They conducted a two-part exploratory investigation on how individual theorists and researchers conceive the construct of organisational effectiveness. The first study included seven experts, while the second used 45 theorists and scholars. Findings showed that organisational effectiveness can be constructed using three axes of values: control-flexibility, internal-external, and means-ends. These values pertained to the critical issues of â€Å"competing values† in defining and measuring effectiveness, which has been embodied in the competing values framework (CVF) (Quinn and Rohrbaugh 1983, p.370). This paper applies the Competing Values Approach to Google and Procter & Gamble (P&G), as well as employee swapping. Competing Values Model Overview The Competing Values Approach is composed of three competing values, and they are control-flexibility, internal -external, and means-ends. These values offer four mid-range theories of organisational analysis: open systems model, human relations model, internal process model, and rational goal model (Quinn and Rohrbaugh 1983, p.369). The human relations model highlights on flexibility and internal focus. The open systems model concentrates on flexibility and external focus. The rational goal model prioritises control and external focus, while the internal process model emphasises stability and control (Quinn and Rohrbaugh 1983, p.371). Applications Procter & Gamble. P&G is described as having an internal process model with hierarchical and market attributes. It uses information management and communication to attain the ends of stability and control (Quinn and Rohrbaugh 1983, p.371). In terms of culture, it possesses a mixture of market and hierarchical cultures. It has a market culture because employees behave according to clear objectives and are rewarded through their achievements (Hartnel l, Ou and Kinicki 2011, p.679). The company’s main values are communication, competition, and achievement. P&G is effective in gathering customer and competitor information and developing the competitiveness of its products (Robbins, Judge and Campbell 2010, p.480). P&G is also hierarchical because of rules and regulations that clearly define roles and responsibilities. Behaviours are characterised with conformity and predictability, which it wants to change by swapping employees with Google (Robbins,

Critically assess the postwar consensus thesis Essay

Critically assess the postwar consensus thesis - Essay Example There was however, some conflicts noted between the parties concerning the postwar consensus. The parties had consent to similar principles as well as aims but had differences in styles and emphasis (Bogdanor, 2011, para 1-9). This paper therefore has the focus of analyzing the concept of post war consensus with attention on the policies inside this concept as well as understanding the collapse of the concept as reviewed through scholarly works. Much of the evolution in the concept is attributed to in differences postulated by partisan political parties as well as the administration over the period. The concept of welfare state comprehensive in Great Britain dates back to mid Second World War as was developed in the reposts of William Biveridge in 1942. This is therefore the postulated foundation upon which the concept of postwar consensus is claimed to be built. Therefore, the policy formulations that resulted from the government of the labor party formed a basis on which the consen sus was formed on. The government undertook and implemented various policies which were distinct to the leadership history of the country. The conservative party had great influence in the industrial charter, which followed the successful formation of the previous government by the labor party. Moreover, the acknowledgement of the various policy frameworks by the party as they were designed and implemented by the party in power made the conservative party to reserve many of the policies during the 1947 industrial charter (Anon, nd, p. 217-222). Great Britain categorizes the historical perspective into two phases which span through the consensus period as well as the period after the consensus was broken and the period runs to today. The consensus period spun the years 1945 to 1979 after which the post consensus period set in and has been up to the current period (Matthijs, 2008, p. ii). After the end of the Second World War, the consensus that settled in and had a guiding commitment to full employment, industries were nationalized, government undertook to control the economic demand through application of the Keynesian techniques. Moreover, the government adopted the social welfare in a system of self-sponsored technique. The period after the election in 1945 saw the labor party form the government and adapted reformation policies and not revolutionary policies (McCulloch, 1985, p. 465). Economist and other analysts interpreted the system of government adopted by the labor party government as reformists as against revolutionalists. Non-revolutionary alliances of trade unions as well democratic socialists were the foundations, which formed the Labour party. The governance structure that succeeded the election of the Labour party to office mainly comprised of the political class of persons who had gotten into politics in the early 20th century. This period, which span across the years 1945 to 1951, was a characteristic period in the history of the country as it is credited to be the period in which many of the legislations in Britain were formulated. The government also placed policies which oversaw many industries nationalized until the 1980s. The welfare state as was a characteris

Lesson 12 DIscussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lesson 12 DIscussion - Assignment Example David Bowie who established himself purely as rock and rock artist started infusing disco flavor in his music like his 1975 song â€Å"Fame†. This has disappointed millions of his fans as it was sign of some artists attempting to adapt to an emerging style of music. It is natural that music lovers who were rock fans in the 1970s were prone to dislike disco but that did not automatically mean that these people disliked disco in the 1970s just because it is another genre. If disco would have remained as just another kind of music the rock fans would have ignored it. However, disco was begun to be included in rock stations which previously played only rock music. Even rock players like David Bowie and Rolling Stones responded to the disco movement which angered their fans. The eleventh Grammy awards in 2010 presented awards in 18 categories including diverse genres like pop, urban rock, jazz, and also regional like salsa and Brazilian. The Billboard listed Regional Mexican and tr opical albums. These emphasize variations in Latin music with differential approaches in instrumentation, rhythm, melody and harmony. There is also cross-pollination of international musical styles. For instance, Cuban percussion instruments can often be heard in regional Mexican music. Latin music is rapidly gaining strong foothold in America. In Billboard, Latin charts made their place for the first time in 1985, and then they became common in the list during 1990s and