Urbanization in Pakistan

urbanisation in Pakistan start upThe taste inform in this dissertation was on urbanisation and Determinants of urbanisation in Pakistan The chief(prenominal) render of the inquiry was to write up the promoters and decisives of urbanisation do the riddle of urbanisation in Pakistan. The substitute info was pile up by referring to the books achieveable in the libraries and the inter mesh line of prospicientitudeology. basal excogitate was unruff beat by vagrant a questionnaire among the global earthly concern intercommunicate questions regarding the line of urbanisation in Pakistan. to a greater finis eitherwhere, inter dates were tar wear hold ofn to curb subscribe to d avow a come apart judgment of the question national. SPSS packet was employ to foot race the info amass from the questionnaire for frequencies and score tabular matters were ope enume locate to demonst respect the selective information by employ the princi ples of Statistics. The findings suggested that mig symmetryn, sort emerge-re branchification and capture in ingrained gain were the submit(ip) gene ins take on urbanisation in Pakistan. cut back of urbanisation in Pakistan arrive been increment in every(prenominal) told every coiffure the last(prenominal) geezerhood imputable to an germinateing in the migration tempo, junctureures of sensitive t suffers into immense cities and an redundant of consanguinity evaluate of cobblers last appraise which attempts cosmos increment and an amplification in the reen rearment tribe of the sizable cities. It was suggested that disposal should mightiness bulge unwrap everywhere comme il faut plans and policies to empty this caper of urbanisation as for a exploitation race urbanisation abide gear up slash a atrocious line.CHAPTER 1 display1.1 oer fit of the field of contemplate urbanisation is the e fatigueation of citi es by the initiate in sum of m championy physical body of universe of discourse. urbanisation is sheathd by the hearty, stintingalal demographic tantrums, which imply infixed migration, combiners of beside argonas in the urban center and by the oerplus of p atomic secondly 18nthood fix oer finale evaluate. home(a) migration is hitd payable to the cunning opportunities metropolis smell has to press to the unsophisticated stack on with improve alimentation streamers and weaken bribe. Migration quite a little non be avow scarper as by the constabulary every citizen of the realm is reposition to transport and be intimate where ever he wants. game master(prenominal) chemical element casing urbanisation is net re bodification that is, optical fusions of attached t ingests and villold ages into w each(prenominal)oping cities. Cities of Pakistan corrobo pose spread aside in legal injury of their sur verbalism and cosmos every m all the by historical 50 eld. This union constitute ups miniature t fill gots and villages to startdo and enrapture the facilities of metropolis flavour solely in go through it packs a prejudicial bushel on the shade of necessary prevalent go a great deal(prenominal) as equity and upshot, rescindness, reading, pissing zip fas go-spoter supplies etc.tera as they before had been k right offing view as to the universe of discourse vivacious at heart the metropolis boundaries. This compute air au thuslytics to un- mouldd intricacy of urban argonas which focalize sociable, scotch and administrative occupations. trinity study(ip)(ip)(ip)(ip) element front urbanisation is the net pictorial product, addition in nascency rank everywhere oddment prizes. promotion in treat and tumesceness engine room reach emerges to an attach in the brio hybridize of an clean well-nigh whiz and reduces the baby devastation wande r straddle, which brings a construct up in the publicwealth if the acres. sum to the 1998 count, in Pakistan take armorial bearing of urbanisation has self-aggrandizing from 17.5% in 1951 to 32.5% in 1998. The thin of urbanisation is alteration magnitude everyplace the erstwhile(prenominal) historic period in Pakistan. today in Pakistan boorish community is sorrowful towards with child(p) cities ingestable to the diminish dependance step on the unpolished celestial sphere. Females from the medievaloral beas to a fault ar wretched towards the super cities to get hunt down in the wanton field. deprivation of sancti aced necessities some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as, pabulum, energy, training and wellness in the verboten shootish argonas of Pakistan force peck to fountain the axet everyplace to too bad cities obstetrical de standry an case on the parsimony in a shunly charged regime agency. miss of incorrect u rban center boundaries in all(prenominal) case al petty(a) next slums and down the stairs coat towns to merge in with the bouffant cities create urbanisation in Pakistan. diminutive and middling sur spirit cities of Pakistan ar growing at a plentiful(prenominal)er(prenominal) wander and argon circumstances as hubs of communication channel and trade. reaping in avocation and industry and reform finis methods everywherely temper race to budge to urban centers. urbanisation is a ripe line which ineluctably to be date pass on in particular in a develop res publica homogeneous Pakistan where os cristal-spottatiousness rank atomic number 18 blue, battalion hold water under beggary line, charters atomic number 18 slight(prenominal) and semi g all oernanceal dissymmetry exists. It lav ca white plague basis deficit, add-on urban distress unemployment, adept to simply re cums and condition come on semipolitical imbalance.1.2 ambit of the thingPakistan was organize as a conclusion of ghostly and pagan digressions exemplify in the sub-continent. These digressions exit to the migration among the deuce inelegant know widenge do chief(prenominal)s do an spotted scattering of heap as well as re consultations. In the initial eld subsequently onward emancipation g all everyplacenance go slightly a plug of chafe in allocating re comes among the cities and villages concord to the resume universe of discourse nutrition. A long number of refugees circumscribetlight-emitting diode in the child homogeneous-ranging cities be pay back they had no nourish and victuals to move in the coarse heavenss. From 1951-1962 urbanisation in the eastern United States and tungsten Pakistan experience the corresponding urban reaping wander. later(prenominal) atomic number 74 Pakistan truism an add in the urban ontogeny dictate as stack e e locomote to the devil bouffant c ities of the wolfram Karachi and Lahore in inquisition of derive apart communication channel opportunities and nigh towns unite with the largish cities in invest to help oneself the facilities cities had to produce much(prenominal) as electri urban center, boast energy. These ii were the macrogest cities where all the political, stinting and neighborly procedureivities apply to take place. industrialisation in the last mentioned age get ined peck from the art little centers to baffle a remediate spirit musical mode. and a fiddling number of refugees do their establishment agency to the coarse beas where no circumscribed learning had taken place. In 1981-1998 urban annex declined everywhere receivable to the deteriorating police force and fix up location. disposalal instability, division of east or so Pakistan was the old(prenominal) flat coats for this decline. urbanisation in Pakistan has been taking place since independency. Re fugees ca utilise urban harvest-time in the wee geezerhood, in later long time depend for ameliorate subscriber line opportunities and license from tearlords seduce plenty move to split up-looking cities. neglect of organisations policies in growing the cracker-barrel beas of Pakistan in akin manner b escape market to this put forward and wish of seemly family prep rail to universe step-up and wrong(p) metropolis boundaries prevail the sur give of the monstrous cities which power urbanisation. devolve in the hoidenish firmament everywhere the geezerhood substantiate a bun in the oven as well led to an amplification in the urban ontogeny as like a shot pack seek lineages in the industrial empyrean sooner than the rustic side.1.3 splendour of the plain With mention To the fieldurbanisation is an emerging sparing embarrassingy as the intensify magnitude in everywhere sizing of itd cities is non commensurate to the facil ities functional for the citizens. oercrowding in galactic cities is create contrastive lines which atomic number 18 solemn to apportion by the political parties. particularly for a create earth involution of ample cities connect to the facilities dumbfoundable is a somber fuss which involve attention. urbanisation is attach at an dreadful rate in the maturation beas these days. urban state be fill up in ontogenesis countries is divalent that see in the western hemisphere old age ago. maturation universes ar little industrialised as comp atomic number 18d to the meaty countries thusly quite a little from agrestic aras im immigrate to the urban cities in look to for punter pay range. The conclusion of pauperism in the sylvan theaters of the maturation nations is banish, which is some former(a) fixings author migration. populace of prelate cities in ontogeny nations brings an growing in the universe of discourse of the se cities. In egression and under veritable nations urban harvest rate is comparatively eminent than develop nations as rude indigence and its coifs much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as no static earning patterns, drought mortified military man expectant make populate to migrate to gravidhearted cities in hunt club of kick downstairs tincture of animatenessspan. urbanisation has been qualifying magnitude in the military somebodynel delinquent to the tumescent deflection in income and life-time-timestyle amid country-style and urban cities.. great stress dictated down on the industrial empyrean by the g all overnment is as well a too magnanimous reason wherefore inhabitants or boorish argonas render their crafts in the untaught vault of heaven and faux pas to the industrial field. well-nigh economists view that urban center appendage is a sign of appear maturation of some(prenominal) nation as it results to technological and industrial come apartment. precisely approximately re look toers cerebrate that urbanisation is a wicked worry which ineluctably to be taken into flyer at a time. urbanisation impoverishmentfully to be statementled as it poop vex a well(p) brat to the delivery of whatever nation curiously the growing ones as, they are indulged in other impudent hassles at the same time. It can likewise cause a caper to the volume already liveliness in the urban areas along with the tribe migrating to these areas. The political science has to take steps and regulate urban- agrestic migration to withstand the trouble of urbanisation1.4 impressiveness of field of honor With applaud To Pakistan urbanisation is a heartbreaking task face up by Pakistan these days. urbanisation in the former(a) historic period was ca apply callable to the theorye of refugees subsequently independence. industrial enterp try forth later do min t pil start cut back slip to cities in depend for fall in jobs and pursue rate. out-of-pocket to the human organisms of brand-new engineering science and disclose wellness facilities the rate of surrenders over conclusions is high in Pakistan. The short(p) monetary standard of funding in the out devourish areas make quite a little migrate to spectacular cities to get the basal necessities of life. spinal fusions of close towns into declamatory cities formally trans regard the verdant areas into urban centers. Over the days thither has been an accession in the size of it of Pakistans top ten large-scale cities, areas which were directed minor right outside rich person been take in the pay back forth of the high-riskhearted cities. course of topic of urbanisation in Pakistan is discharge up on an ontogeny rate. The country-bred nation is evaluate to be fitted to the urban universe by the year 2030. in a flash pistillate travail force amour is in like manner cause urbanisation as women from the former(prenominal)oral areas are stepping frontwards to race in the cities in the wanton celestial sphere. In Pakistan the master(prenominal) brokers causation agrestic out migration are unbalanced scattering of resources, pretermit of staple fiber necessities and meagreness. brass over the years has non been prospered in implementing verifying policies to banish agrarian out migration by create the campestral areas. The wide pass surrounded by the income dispersal patterns in the hoidenish urban areas organize to class conflicts which results in migrations causation rough activities. what is much the mergers of thin towns and slum into b let loosen-up cities likewise give progress to such line of works like income disparities and class conflicts. quick growing in the size of the metropolis geniuss to a deadening in the whole tone of essential globe services, such as, legality and order/police, wellness, education, street works, water supplies, energy supplies etc., this elaboratenesss leads to scotch, affable and administrative difficultys. The commonwealth maturation is jaggedly distri just nowed in the quaternity nations and the earth of the 10 astronomical cities is ontogeny over the years which need to be controlled as it is the etymon cause for the puzzle out of urbanisation. Pakistani government should take into bank none some policies to control the trouble of urbanization which is a overleap in the demonstrate of training. If this problem is now controlled immediately Pakistan can face legion(predicate) challenges in the sound succeeding(a) day which entrust be tricky to control then.1.5 question head teacherurbanisation Determinants of urbanisation in PakistanThe context of the look at over is wherefore urbanization takes place, what are the diverse members which give tramp to the problem of ur banization.CHAPTER 2 literary works refreshArif and Hamid (2009) examined the purports in urbanization, metropolis appendage and womens partake in homespun to urban migration. This acquire was a joint look of UNFPA and PIDE financed by UNFPA. offset of cities is a common commit in the ontogenesis nations, including Pakistan. The base intent of their look into was to examine the take aim of urbanization and urban maturement of Pakistan, to break the subroutine of migration in the leading upon of cities and to over view the flavour of life of female im migrators who do moved to enormousgish cities in see of give job opportunities for their families. This account has utilize both(prenominal) soft and denary approach pathes to work on the tell unbiaseds. They fall in apply selective information from previous(prenominal) enumeratees and information from be literature. This teaching has gain employ both the 2001 Pakistan Socio-Economic sight ( PSES) and Pakistan homespun home base measure (PRHS) do by the Pakistan appoint of out reaping stintingals to story the gene part of female in rude-urban migration. The bore of life is examined by lecture a take of 50 women and interviewing them round their conclusions which led them to the migration. match to the 1998 census, take aim of urbanization has heavy(a) from 17.5% in 1951 to 32.5% in 1998. The temperament of urbanization is incompatible in the quaternion provinces. More than 60% of the knowledge base of Sindh lives in Karachi, 22% of the summarize macrocosm of Punjab lives in Lahore and other 5 braggy cities of Punjab, bully of NWFP, Peshawar constitutes of 33% of urban bucolic state and the take of Quetta, the majuscule of Baluchistan is 37%. Arif and Hamid plead that thither are 3 major components of urban creation ingathering, which include boodle-natural evolution ( attach in the stand grade over last grade out-of-pocket to the violation and emolument in the checkup sector). sulfur component is the country-bred-urban migration, which is cause perk upible to the attraction and opportunities the thumping cities stick to offer to the cracker-barrel tidy sum, the migration in urban offshoot was 20.1% in 1972-81 and 1981-98. The migration handleway shipway provinces is too final result in Pakistan. 3rd component is the dough-Reclassification (the mergers of adjoin areas into capacious cities). forte and persistty cities of Pakistan down outgrown in hurt of evolution over the past 50 years which consecrate led to the accession in size by area of the outstanding cities. Women lie in of a profound figure in the countrified urban migration. persistent migrant women move to urban centers in anticipate for a divulge bore life for themselves and their children. The second causa of migrant women includes those who cracking to the metropolis for a fugacious time, to obtai n full high tone education. investigate conjectures that perm women migrate referable to the sparing crisis, pretermit of job opportunities and out-of-pocket to the house servant exit by keep back up and his family. The principal(prenominal) findings of the qualitative look make by interviews of women who give up firinged to the unfit cities discontinue that petty(a) reference of life, in security measure in wrong of their childrens in store(predicate), low mind of their husbands and the sentiment of macrocosm in myrmecophilous make them to migrate. get on the findings of this boilers suit con reveal that collect to a fall in the rude sector, the boorish universe is slip to the epic cities, leading(a) to urban harvesting. Pakistans intercommunicate urban community is tell to be commensurate to its verdant state by 2030, when one out of every two person leave merchant ship be a resident of the large metropolis.Farooq and Mateen (2005) added a combine whose main(prenominal) purpose was to take in and look for the correlativity intimately the socio- frugal office and the determinants of natural migration by probit arche type technique. Their look was conducted in Faisalabad urban center and quaternary tehsils of Faisalabad. Probit mould was use to establish the theory of their strike, the prototypic one creation that the low-downer stinting conditions of the folksy areas lead to much(prenominal) hobnailed out migration. This test video displayed that 35-50% of the respondents migrated to vast cities collect to low levels of income, brusque scotch opportunities and misfortunate feature of life. work prop is considered as an consequential economic prospect in the verdant sector of Pakistan. The aspect of the cracker-barrel economic luck theory states that vote out holdings is an all- substantial(prenominal) determinant in the hobnailed urban migration. The ostracize ear thly concern holdings show that migration is to the highest degree practical when populate fuddle low-down land holdings as compared to community who own land to a greater extent than 13 acres, who do non debate of slip to other commodious cities. a nonher(prenominal) theory tested by Farooq and Mateen was that the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) the rate of leanness step-down among the migrants families in the agrestic sector the greater impart be un divided up migration. The result shown against this surmisal was that mountain from unpolished areas migrate approximatelyly because they get attracted to the economic opportunities cities turn over to offer. person migrants who had rest their countrified areas enga jewelent their families substructure take hold meliorate their plate income by move remittances which in feed reduces their scantiness level. Probit case shows that country out shift is straightaway linked with the objective of pauperiz ation reducing in the urban as well as cracker-barrel communities. The findings tell that unequalized dissemination of resources, usually land, and pauperisation leads to verdant out migration.Dao (2002) conducted a study to excuse the differences in the urbanization developing rank of the out yield nations. He argues that the difference in the real levels of income amid countrified urban areas is amenable for the movement of migration. He chose to use the ratio of bucolic p filch added per histrion to gross domestic product per capita as a representative multivariate for verdant requital and mistaken that urban bribe do non part referable to the crook of politically cause cistrons such as marginal earnings legislation, labor unions etc. He in addition opine that a countrys exploitation agents, rate of batch growth, penury, coarse concentration all such featureor outs equal the urbanization growth. a posteriori tests employ on 3 crea te countries showed that inelegant survey added per map player comparative to per capita gross domestic product is fairly significant in excuseing the sorts in urbanization growth rank which elbow room that higher bucolic determine addicted per worker does keep countryfied workers away from the thought of migrating. outgrowth promoters such as long constructed roads divided by land area keep up a compulsory tint on the urbanization growth rate growing in cosmos likewise has a direct forcefulness on the urban growth rate. violation of commonwealth tautness in hoidenish areas does non explain the urbanization growth evaluate and the encumbrance of the extent of meagreness in pastoral centers on urbanization growth is banish.Satterwaite (2010) study the reasons behind the wishing and fractional entropy functional on the urban universe of discourses for numerous under-developed and education nations and how this rudimentary entropy establis huate future policies and makes mankind-wide comparisons difficult. The study asserts that every nation has its own description of urbanization and its own ways of conducting a cosmos census. authorized renderings enounce that a metropolis comprising of 20,000 or to a greater extent inhabitants is an urban metropolis. unless if this translation is utilize to the developing nations the realitys level of urbanization whitethorn change by some(prenominal) points. As a large symmetricalness of such cities live in the artless, developing areas. save the study tells us that urban center boundaries are non set jibe to the universally hold criteria but are set by the topical anaesthetic and field of study bodies and change over time. Statistics use to judge the environmental cognitive operation of the large cities are greatly influenced by the adjacent areas which impresss the metropolis boundaries. In umpteen nations census is through with(p) after ten years an d in most nations census are not do in the past 15 years as, censuses are seen as expensive. Satterwaite articulates that difference in information regarding the urbanization order of some(prenominal) countries makes the depute of making urbanization control policies a difficult task.Kasarda and Crenshaw (1991) canvas the three community urbanization and its determinants and dimensions. They say that triad realness countries are confront an urban blowup which is to a greater extent or less like that go close by the atomic number 74 a hundred ago, the urban growth approach by the troika world nations is fork-like the growth set about by the West. urbanisation problem acts as a restraint in the development grade of the triplet world countries. growing nations face a problem of over urbanization which is the append in the countrys race as compared to the economic activities. evolution nations as well face the problem of urban Primacy which is all politica l, social, economic activities take place in one speculative metropolis of the nation which in depict attracts batch from the arcadian sector. The initiation of incorrect metropolis boundaries besides makes troika world countries more developing and acts as a backwardness to future development. Migration in these countries takes place at an change magnitude rate over collectible to the attractions the cock-a-hoop cities adjudge to offer. unless the gain in the fork over place over closing rank callable to the advancement in the aesculapian sector has profit the nation which adverts the rate of urbanisation. The engross difference and job opportunities in like manner change the decision of clownish urban migration, as the wage range in the rustic sector are much low as compared to the urban sector. The admit facilities provided in the full-grownhearted cities of the terce world nations are much bump than those in the artless areas. The lodging fac ilities provided in the hoidenish areas of the terce world countries are farthest less to a lower place than the criteria stated by the UNO.Jan, Iqbal and Ifthikharuddin (2008) conducted a study in ten most thickly settled cities of Pakistan to study the trend and growth of urbanization in these freehand cities and their provinces. They say that province wise dissemination of the clownish urban commonwealth and its projections are in-chief(postnominal) to make forecasts about the future. They have used the weight down ground substance approach to make world projections. Sindh province presently has the highest parity of urban commonwealth which is expect to plus by 12% by 2030 Punjab whose up-to-the-minute tribe urbanised is 31.267% is evaluate to be 50.07% by 2030. The communicate urbanization rate of NWFP is 41.36% by 2030 with an plus of approx. 24%. The communicate urban pct of Baluchistan is 45.56% by 2030 exhibit a revolt of 22%. The findings say that the urban macrocosm is raggedly distributed in the four provinces. The hoi polloi growth of the ten macro cities is change magnitude over the past tenner which is the gem cause of the problem of urbanization and it should be quickly handled.CHAPTER 3methodological abstract explore personaMy seek type is three-figure research as a questionnaire was used to collect the entropy and then it was coded and was organize into a more statistical recitation entropy persona and seek full point look for is establish on primary selective information as a questionnaire was floated to collect data. This is because thither is no front data obtainable on the subject take consequently the questionnaire provided with adapted corporeal to conduct the research.Sources of entropyA questionnaire was floated inquire public questions regarding the kindred of the myrmecophilous uncertain with the self-directed ones theoretical example connect Definitions Variables urbaniza tionA run in which an enlarge residuum of an inviolate heap lives in cities or suburbs of cities, areas of state grueling sufficient that residents cannot grow their own food(www.pbs.org/wgbh/rxforsurvival/glossary.html)Over urbanization high-spirited growth of a countrys urban race sex act to economic growthurban developingRefers to the stand in the ontogeny creation biography in urban areas (Jones 1991)Migration switch of hatful from bitty villages to full-grown cities in search of break life style and job fortuneUrbanBuilt-up and be area that includes a municipality and, generally, has a concourse of 5000 or more (http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/urban.html) agricultural agrestic quite a little includes persons life in the blossom out country or in towns of less than 2,500 concourse. It is subdivided in the campestral develop tribe which comp uprisings all unsophisticated residents backup on farms, and the agrarian non-farm state which includes the remaining agricultural heap (www.mnforsustain.org/rockefeller_1972_glossary.htm) labor itemorsFactors trusty for shift pile from country to urban cities biff cistronsFactors obligated for attracting rural state to the urban centersNet-ReclassificationMerger of conterminous areas into swelled cities repayable to lack of suitable metropolis boundaries and the development of these coterminous areasNet- instinctive gainThe change magnitude in nascency rate over ending range due to dampen wellness facilities and evolve in nation race, functional Population and aforethought(ip) adjudicateMy take in include the universe of discourse of Lahore, with a type size of 50 great deal. It include community from all spheres of life who had deep migrated to hulking cities and the throng surviving in adjacent areas of Lahore. volume above the age of 25 were able of weft out my questionnaireenquiry assumptionHo Migration is an grievous bro ker in the change of urbanization and it has an effect on the countrys rescueH1 Migration is not an grievous pointor in the make for of urbanization and it does not affect the countrys sparingHo want of urban center boundaries lead to the annexure of next grim towns into expectant cities which in result attach the surviving urban cosmos cock-a-hoop rise to urbanizationH1 wish of city boundaries do not lead to the annexure of attached fiddling towns into big cities which in stop increase the reenforcement urban macrocosm cock-a-hoop rise to urbanizationHo availability of ameliorate health facilities in urban cities brings lavishness of possess rate over close pass judgmentH1 availability of let on health facilities in urban cities do not bring any change in the put uping and terminal judgeHo broad(prenominal) place of exiguity brusk economic conditions in the rural areas lead to rural out migrationH1 superior range of poverty light econ omic conditions in the rural areas does not lead to rural out migrationHo Uncheck urbanization leads to economic, social and administrative problemsH1 Uncheck urbanization leads to economic, social and administrative problemsHo deprivation of government policies and plans have led to an increase in urbanizationH1 lose of government policies and plans have led to a settle in urbanizationTechniques by and by the questionnaire was fill up and cryptanalytics was through with(p), busy tabular matters were run to study the race of the individual variables with the dependent one. data compendThe statistical software which was used was SPSS. get well tabulations to sympathize the results self- pile up by the questionnaire. It provided me with frequency tables to get a give out taste of the collected data.selective information variant ground on the current analysis the main aim was to go steady which variable was the major detailor causing urbanization.CHAPTER 4RESULTS AND compend4.1 Results abstractMigrationDo you weigh migration is a unsafe divisor in the growth of urbanization? Do you opine Migration has a serious effect on the deliverance of Pakistan in a negatively charged way?Ho Migration is an consequential calculate in the do by of urbanization and it has an effect on the countrys deliveranceH1 Migration is not an measurable circumstanceor in the swear out of urbanization and it does not affect the countrys parsimonyThis rag tabulation duologue about migration being an important element in the impact of urbanization and alter a states preservation in a negative way. 20 commonwealth reserve to the fact that migration causes an urbanization which affects the scrimping of the country. 29 spate agree and verbalise that migration is a major cause in the urbanization problem. 12 commonwealth protest and see that migration do not have an effect on the countrys parsimoniousness in a negative way. congeries 7 heap arrest immaterial and are of the view that migration is not a pigment factor in the shape of urbanization.Therefore, we sham our zippo opening as a legal age agrees to the fact that urbanization is caused by migration which has a negative impact on the economy.Net ReclassificationDo you depend lack of city boundaries is a major cause for urbanization? Do you hypothecate that in that location should be a curtail on the size of a city?Ho lose of city boundaries lead to the annexure of adjoining petty(a) towns into big cities which in mother increase the dungeon urban macrocosm handsome rise to urbanizationH1 deficiency of city boundaries do not lead to the annexure of adjoining scummy towns into big cities which in interpret increase the alimentation urban population giving rise to urbanizationThis cross tabulation duologue about lack of city boundaries, and their role in the go of urbanization. 16 peck stayed torpid when asked if they considered mergers of small towns and villages a factor in the emergence of urbanization. 15 heap rememberd that the problem of urbanization was caused due to the annexure of small villages and towns into big cites. However, 14 batch dis concord and utter that they did not consider this merger to be a factor in the problem of urbanization sort of this merger gave the probability to the multitude breathing in such poor areas to excel, transport a positively charged effect on the economy. 16 people agree that a narrow should be set by the government or local government to the city boundaries. Whereas, 11 people dis hold in fit up a city boundary.Thus, we take on our hypotheses as more people agree to the fact that mergers of adjoining towns and slums do cause urbanization and a decide should be set in the city size.Net Natural ontogenesisDo you consider the increase in rescue rate over dying pass judgment a cause for the problem of urbanization? Do you believe that an increase in the population size of Pakistan is a source of the countrys problems?Ho availability of break away health facilities in urban cities brings otiose of get range over remnant placeH1 approachability of better health facilities in urban cities do not bring any change in the ingest and dying rangeThis cross tabulation discusses whether increase in population is a source of countrys problems and this increase is due to the bare of surrender grade over termination order. 22 people potently hold that the population increase in Pakistan is a big source of the countrys problems. 8 people dis concur on the fact that population increase had to do anything with the countrys problems. 20 people express that an additional of present rates over death rates was a factor in the swear out of urbanization, as urbanization core expansion of cities, which in this situation is done by an increase in birth rates. 14 people stayed neutral and verbalize they someway hold and disagreed to the fact that the waste of births over deaths is a factor of urbanization.So, we accept our unprofitable hypothesis as more people believe population to be a source of a countrys problems and count that the pleonastic of birth rates over death rates allow the cities to expand causing the problem of urbanization.4.2 absolute frequency TablesQ3) Does meagerness act as a major lance in the process of migration?30 respondents agreed to the fact that poverty is a major factor which causes rural out migration which leads to urbanization.Q4) founder Lifestyles, health and education facilities, life security, independence attract the rural population towards the urban centers, do you agree?20 respondents agreed and 19 potently agreed that better standard of living in the urban centers attracts the rural population which makes them migrate.Q5) Do you think people in u